Psych Exam #3

According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the ________ stage.

phallic

The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the interactive influences of our traits and our

situations

The MMPI is an example of a(n)

personality inventory

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called

the spotlight effect

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of

expressive styles

Ego is to id as ________ is to ________

reality principle; pleasure principle

Sheen is usually animated and talkative when he is with his girlfriend, but he is often quiet and reserved at home. He actively participates in many class discussions but frequently seems reluctant to talk with friends at the campus coffee shop. Sheen's behavior should make us more cautious about overemphasizing the impact of ________ on behavior

personality traits

Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates

an internal locus of control

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates

self-serving bias

Carl Rogers suggested that the ________ is a central feature of personality

self-concept

Parents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming overly protective of them are very likely using the defense mechanism of

reaction formation

A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as

free association

Because Mr. Maloney trusts his employees, he treats them kindly. His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf, which in turn increases his trust in them. This pattern of trust, kindness, diligence, and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by

reciprocal determinism

Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as

denial

Some psychoanalysts in Freud's era believed that girls experienced unconscious sexual desires for their father during the phallic stage. These feelings, they thought, reflected

an Electra complex

The person-situation controversy involves a debate regarding the influence of ________ and ________ on behavior.

environments; traits

Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as

fixation

The Big Five personality factors are

emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate

self-serving bias

Which perspective on personality emphasizes the interaction be tween the individual and the environment in shaping personality?

social-cognitive