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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Rate of reaction
the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time
Overall order of reaction
is the sum of the individual orders, m+n
The rate constant, k,
is the constant that links the rate of reaction with the concentrations of the reactants raised to the powers of their orders in the rate equation
The half life of a reactant
is the time taken for the concentration of the reactant to reduce by half
The rate determining step
is the slowest step in the reaction mechanism of a multi step reaction
Lattice enthalpy
is the enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of one mole of an ionic compound from its gaseous ions under standard conditions
Standard enthalpy change of solution
is the enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound is completely dissolved in water under standard conditions
Standard enthalpy change of hydration
is the enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of isolated gaseous ions is dissolved in water forms one mole of aqueous ions under standard conditions
Entropy
is the quantitative measure of the degree of disorder in a system
Redox reaction
Both oxidation and reduction take place
Oxidation
loss of electrons, increase in oxidation number
Reduction
gain of electrons, decrease in oxidation number
Oxidising agent
The substance that is reduced - takes electrons from the substance that is oxidised
Reducing agent
The substance that is oxidised - gives electrons to the substance that is reduced
Standard electrode potential of a half cell
the e.m.f of a half cell compared with a standard hydrogen half cell, measured at 298K with solution concentrations of 1 mol dm^-3 and a gas pressure of 100 kPa (1 atm)
A ligand
is a molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons with the transition metal ion to form a coordinate bond
A complex ion
is a transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds
The coordination number
is the total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands
Bronsted-Lowry acid
a proton, H+ donor
Bronsted-Lowry base
a proton, H+, acceptor
An alkali
is a base that dissolves in water forming OH- aq ions
An acid-base pair
is a pair of two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton
A strong acid
is an acid that completely dissociates in solution
A weak acid
is an acid that partially dissociates in solution
Ionic product of water
state equation, 25 deg. C, Kw = 1.00 x 10^-14 mol^2 dm^-6
A buffer solution
is a mixture that minimises pH changes on addition of small amounts of acid or base
Enthalpy change of neutralisation
the energy change that accompanies the neutralisation of an aqueous acid by an aqueous base to form one mole of H2O under standard conditions
The free energy change
is the balance between enthalpy, entropy and temperature for a process.
Transition element
a d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d sub shell
Ligand substitution
is a reaction in which one ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another ligand
Stability constant
is the equilibrium constant for an equilibrium existing between a transition metal ion surrounded by water ligands and the complex formed when the same ion has undergone ligand substitution