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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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%age of adults seropositive for HSV1
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75-95%
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Diseases caused by HSV1
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Cold sores, herpes keratitis, mat herpes/herpes gladiatorum, herpes rugbeiorum, eczema herpeticum
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Diseases caused by HSV2
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genital herpes
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Diseases caused by VZV
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chicken pox, shingles
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Diseases caused by HSV8 (HHV8)
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kaposi's sarcoma. Associated with HIV
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What subfamily are HSV1, HSV2, and VZV in?
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alphaherpesvirinae
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Characteristics of alphaherpesvirinae
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Lytic infection in fibroblasts and epithelial cells; Short replication cycle; Rapid growth and spread in cell cultures. Latent in neurons.
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What subfamily are CMV, HSV6, HSV7 in?
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betaherpesvirinae
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What subfamily are EBV, HHV8 in?
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gammaherpesvirinae
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What type of nucleic acid does HSV have?
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Linear dsDNA
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amorphous proteinaceous tegument: what is it?
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Stuff between Capsid that surrounds the dsDNA genome and envelope
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Herpes virus Encode enzymes required to increase the pool of nucleotides in a cell and to replicate the viral genome. What are they?
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Thymidine kinase
-Ribonucleotide reductase -Uracil DNA glycosylase -Deoxyuridine triphosphatase |
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5 viral integral membrane glycoproteins that participate in HSV entry to cell
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gB, gC, gD, gH, gL
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Upon entry, the virus proceeds in 1 of 2 possible pathways: what are they?
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1) Active, lytic infection
2) Latent/Lysogenic infection |
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HSV undergoes productive, lytic infection in what cell types?
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epithelial cells of the genital or oral mucosal surface.
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After uncoating, the viral genome in the nucleus circularizes and is transcribed by what enzyme?
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the cell’s DNA dependent RNA polymerase.
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Which enzyme binds to ORI and unwinds DNA?
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Viral UL9
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HSV-1 and HSV-2 establish life-long latency in what cell types?
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sensory neurons (often trigeminal ganglia and sacral ganglia)
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During latency, a limited number of viral genes are expressed. What are they?
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LATs (latency associated transcripts)
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- HSV-1 reactivation occurs most frequently (above, below) the waist.
- HSV-2 reactivation occurs most frequently (above, below) the waist |
Above; below
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T/F Lesions of HSV-1 and HSV-2 look similar.
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T
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combination of gingivitis and stomatitis, or an inflammation of the oral mucosa and gingiva, caused by HSV 1
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Gingivostomatitis
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Only herpesvirus that spreads person to person by coughing and sneezing
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VZV
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Symptoms of chicken pox develop ____ days after contact with an infected person
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10-21
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First sign of chicken pox is the ______.
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itchy exanthematous rash
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What is chicken pox called when it reactivates years later (generally lateralizes)?
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Shingles
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Symptoms of shingles
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Severe pain
Numbness Itching Followed by a vesicular rash forms in a 3-5 day period |
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What is the shingles rash like?
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The rash follows a nerve on one side of the body
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What is the "amorphous proteinaceous tegument" associated with HSV?
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Capsid surrounding dsDNA genome
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T/F Herpes viruses dry out when exposed to air so cannot be transmitted by toilet seats
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T
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How is HSV DNA replicated?
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Rolling Circle mechanism.
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What is herpes gladiatorum?
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Type of HSV-1 transmitted during frequent contact in wrestling
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What is herpes rugbeiorum?
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Type of HSV-1 transmitted during other contact sports like rugby
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T/F Individuals with asymptomatic HSV2 can still shed virus
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T
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T/F Pregnant women with active HSV-2 should deliver infant by C-section
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T
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Cause of chickenpox and shingles
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Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
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Route of transmission of VZV
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Respiratory transmission. Progresses thru blood and lymphatics to cells of Reticuloendothelial system (aka mononuclear phagocyte system)
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What are symptoms of shingles?
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Severe pain, numbness, itching.
Then a vesicular rash over 3-5 day period, usually following a nerve on ONE side of the body. Lasts 10-15 days. Lasts 3-4 weeks in immunocompromised patients. |
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T/F Shingles is contagious
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F. EXCEPT someone without a prior chickenpox episode can get CHICKENPOX from the person with shingles.
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Treatment of herpesvirus infections
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Acyclovir
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Mech of action of acyclovir
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Guanosine analog. Converted more efficiently to ACG-monophosphate by herpes thymidine kinase, thereby acting as a chain terminator.
Used for long term prophylaxis |
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What enzyme acts on acyclovir?
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Herpes thymidine kinase
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What ganglia does VZV usually stay dormant in?
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trigeminal and dorsal root
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What is the Tzanck test?
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Test for HSV identification. A smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells.
"Tzanck heavens I don't have herpes" |
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Infected cells with herpes have _____ intranuclear inclusions
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Cowdry A
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What is breakthru varicella?
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Wildtype virus causing a mild form of chicken pox that occurs in <1% of vaccines.
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