English schemes and tropes

Pun

-repetition of a single world in two different senses
-a play on words that sound alike
-use of a single word with 2 different meanings

Metaphor

an implied comparison between two unlike things

simile

an explicit comparison between two unlike things using LIKE or AS

Personification

attributing human qualities to an inanimate object

Irony

the writer takes on another voice or role that states the opposite of what is being expressed.

Hyperbole

exaggeration for emphasis

Litotes

opposite of hyperbole, intensifies an idea by understatement

Synecdoche

related to classification and division
Ex) bread stands for food
hands stand for helpers

Metonymy

disnation of one thing with something closely associated with it
Ex) the king is the CROWN
newspaper is the PRESS

Oxymoron

contradiction between two words
Ex) parting is such sweet sorrow

Paradox

a statement that appears to be contradictory but in fact has some truth
Ex) he worked hard at being lazy

Onomatopoeia

refers to the use of words whose sound reinforces their meaning

Parallelism

expresses similar or related ideas in similar grammatical structures

Parallelism

expresses similar or related ideas in similar grammatical structures

Chiasmus

Grammatical structure of the first clause or phrase is reversed in the second, sometimes repeating some of the same words

Climax

placing events in order of importance

Epanalepsis

reptition at the end of a clause of the word that occured at the beginning of the clause

Antithesis

the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas
Ex) our art bring us together and sets us apart

Epistrophe

reptition of the same word or group of words at the ends of clauses
Ex) I'll have my bond. Speak not against my bond....etc

Zeugma

when two different words that sound exactly alike are yoked together
Ex) he bolted teh door and his dinner.

Alliteration

the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of the succesive words

Assonance

involves reptition of sounds within the words
Ex) nose to toes, no pain no gain

Consonance

words ath ends of verses in which the final consonants in the stressed syllables agree but the words that preced them differ. "half rhyme"
Ex) distilled, begun, herself, afternoon

Rhetorical Question

question that does not require an answer

Apostrophe

when you turn away from the audience and address a new person

Euphemism

you substitue less pungent words for harsh ones
Ex) instead of using death, you use pass away

Anastrophe

word orders is reversed or rearranged
-the way yoda speaks

Apposition

the placing next to a noun another noun or phrase taht explains it
Ex) pollution, the city's biggest problem,............

Paranthesis

insertion of words, phrases or a sentence that is no syntactically related to the rest of the sentence.

Asyndenton

conjunctions are omitted, producing a fast-paced and rapid prose

Polysyndenton

over use of conjunctions

Polysyndenton

over use of conjunctions

Anaphora

the regular repetititon of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses.

Scesis onomaton

when you emphasize an idea by expressing it in a string of generally synonmous phrases or statements
Ex) we were sucessful, we were victorious, we were defeat

Sententia

quoting a wise saying to apply a general truth to the situation

Enumeration

detailing parts, causes, affects or consequences to make a point more forcivly.

Anadiplosis

construction words where you repeat the last word of a phrase, clause or sentence at or very near the beginning of teh next phrase.
Ex) that one christian morality prayer on the back cover....