Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the non-enveloped hepatitis viruses and what makes them special?
|
A & E
Non-enveloped means they can survive passage thru the stomach and thus be transmitted fecal-oral. |
|
|
Chronic disease doesn't occur in what hepatitis virus infections?
|
A & E
|
|
|
Where is hep B endemic and how is it transmitted usually in those areas?
|
subsaharan Africa, SE Asia.
in utero or perinatally. |
|
|
Chronic infections to Hep C develop in ____% of infected; while ____% will develop cirrhosis
|
80-90%; 20%
|
|
|
T/F Cirrhosis due to hep C is the predisposing condition for 50% of hepatocellular carcinomas in the US
|
T
|
|
|
What are the histopathologic features of classic, acute viral hepatitis?
|
lobular disarray.
spotty/focal. Due to the processes of Chronic inflammation Hepatocellular necrosis & apoptosis Hepatocellular regeneration Which compete |
|
|
ballooning degeneration: in what states is it seen?
|
swelling of hepatocytes that occurs in acute viral hep.
|
|
|
What is acute viral hepatitis with massive hepatic necrosis?
|
The most severe form of hepatic injury, occurring in <1% of cases of viral hepatitis. Liver shows uniform disappearance of hepatocytes in all lobules of the liver (panlobular necrosis).
Has a high mortality rate but some patients can be rescued with emergency liver transplant |
|
|
The ___ ligament is the rough dividing line between the two lobes of liver.
|
falciform
|
|
|
Zone _ encircles the portal tracts where the oxygenated blood from hepatic arteries enters. Zone _ is located around central veins, where oxygenation is poor. Zone _ is located in between.
|
1; 3; 2
|
|
|
The most common cause of fatty change in developed nations is ______.
|
alcoholism
|
|
|
What is the difference between macro and micronodular cirrhosis?
|
Macro: nodules are >3 cm; Micro, <3 cm
|
|
|
Viral hepatitis (B or C) is the most common cause for (micro, macro) nodular cirrhosis.
|
macronodular
|
|
|
Wilson's disease and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency can produce a (micro, macro)nodular cirrhosis.
|
macro
|
|
|
Alcohol cirrhosis is a (micro, macro)nodular cirrhosis.
|
micro
|
|
|
What is the asymptomatic chronic carrier state>
|
Occurs in Hep B and C.
Dxed serologically. There is not necrosis or cellular inflammation |
|
|
What does the histology of chronic B carriers look like?
|
eccentric nuclei, weakly eosinophilic, ground glass cytoplasm.
|
|
|
Chronic active hepatitis is characterized by what?
|
continued liver cell damage that progresses to cirrhosis.
Mode of progression of hepatocellular disease instead of a specific, viral induced injury. |
|
|
What three histological feaures are necessary for a dx of Chronic active hepatitis?
|
1) Fibrous reparative response
2) Piecemeal hepatocellular necrosis 3) Inflammation with lymphs and plasma cells |
|
|
What is "piecemeal" necrosis?
|
spotty necrosis that is most severe adjacent to portal tracts and inflammatory fibrous septa.
By a process of creeping fibrosis, then piecemeal necrosis, hepatic architecture becomes progressively more distorted by scar tissue |
|
|
most common sequelae of chronic viral hepatitis
|
cirrhosis
|
|
|
What organelle is most abnormal in hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease? What changes are seen?
|
Mitochondria. Enlarged, deformed, decreased cristae.
|
|
|
What are Mallory bodies?
|
accumulation of lipid as non-membrane bound, cytoplasmic droplets.
globular red hyaline material within hepatocytes.The globules are aggregates of intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm resulting from hepatocyte injury. |
