Micro-Worms

Enterobius vermicularis

**Pinworm**
-Fecal/oral (food with eggs)
-Anal itching/Scotch tape test
-Tx with mebenda/Pyrantel pamoate

Ascaris lumbricoides

*Giant Roundworm*
-mild intestinal infection
-Larvae ingested, go to lungs, coughed up and swallowed, live in intestine
-Eggs visible in feces
-Tx with Mebenda/PP

Trichinella Spiralis

-Undercooked pork
-Get inflammation of muscle, periorbital edema
-Tx with thiabendazole

Strongyloides stercoralis

-Larvae in soil penetrate skin
-Intestinal infection with V/D, anemia
-Tx with ivermectin/thiabendazole

Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus

*Hookworms*
-Larvae penetrate skin of feet
-Intestinal infection can cause anemia
-Tx with Mebenda/PP

Dracunculus medinensis

*Guinea worm*
-In drinking water
-Causes skin inflammation and ulceration
-Tx with niridazole

Onchocerca volvulus

-Transmitted by female blackflies
-Causes river blindness with skin nodules, lizard skin
-Can have allergic rxn to microfilaria
-Treat with Ivermectin

Loa Loa

-Transmitted by deer/horse fly
-Causes swelling in skin, worm crawling in conjunctiva
-Treat with diethylcarbamazine

Wucheria bancrofti

-Transmitted via mosquito
-Causes blockage of lymphatics (Elephantiasis)
-Tx with Diethylcarb.

Toxocara Canis

-From food contaminated with eggs
-Causes granulomas
-Can cause blindness
-Visceral larva migrans
-Treat with diethyl.

Taenia Solum

*Pork tapeworm*
-Ingestion of larvae leads to intestinal tapeworm
-Ingestion of eggs causes cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, mass lesions in brain
-Tx intestinal worms and cysticercosis with praziquantel, treat neurocyst with albenda

Echinoccocus granulosus

-Eggs in dog feces
-Can cause Hydatid cysts in liver
-Causes anaphylaxis if echinococcal antigens are released from cysts
-Tx with Albenda

Schistosoma

*fluke*
-Snails are host
-Penetrate skin
-Cause granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation of spleen and liver
-Tx with prazi

Clonorchis sinensis

*fluke*
-Undercooked fish
-Causes inflammation of biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones
-Associated with cholangiocarcinoma
-Tx with praziquantel

Paragonimus westermani

*fluke*
-Undercooked drab meat
-Causes inflammation and secondary bacterial infection of the lung
-Tx with prazi