mycology

candida albicans:
1) morphology
2) diseases
3) Rx

1) budding yeast w/ pseudohyphae (spore formation)
2) thrush; endocarditis; vaginitis (post Ab); dipaer rash
3) nystatin for superficial; Ampho B for serious systemic

Histoplasmosis
*location
*dx
*morphology

*mississippi and ohio river valley (bird or bat droppings)
*pneumonia
*intracellular (macs) - multiple tiny yeast w/in cells

Blastomycosis
*location
*dx
*morphology/cultre on?

*East coast and Central America
*Inflammatory lung dx; dissemination to skin and bone (granulomatous nodules)
*Big, broad-based budding yeast/sabouraud's agar

Coccidioidomycosis
*location*dx*mophology

*endemic to southwest US
*pneumonia, meningitis, disseminate to skin and bone
*spherule filled w/ endospores w/in lung parenchyma (doesn't have a yeast stage)
*San Joaquin Valley or deser 'valley fever'

Paracoccidioidomycosis
*location*dx*morphology

*Rural latin america
*pneumonia +/-dissemination
*budding eyast w/ 'captain's wheel' formation

Malassezia furfur
*where*Dx*morphology & prep*rx

Causes Tinea versicolor
*hot humid weather
*KOH prep: spaghetti and meatball
*rx: topical miconazole, selenium sulfide

Organism that causes a disease that mimics TB and is weakly acid-fast when stained:

Nocardia asteroides - mimics fugi (gram +, aerobe, rx w/ sulfa (TMP-SMZ)

Oral/facial abscesses that drain yellow granules

Actinomyces israelli - mimics fungi (gram +, anaerobe, rx w/ pen)

Classic triad of congenital toxoplasma gondii:

Chorioretinitis
Intracranial calcifications
hydrocephalus
(may be asympt at birth)