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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA enveloped viruses
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Herpesviruses (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV), HBV, smalpox virus
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DNA nucleocapsid viruses
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adenovirus
papillomaviruses parvovirus |
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RNA enveloped viruses
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Influenza
parainfluenza RSV measles mumps rubella rabies HTLV HIV |
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RNA nucleocapsid viruses
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Enteroviruses (polioviurs, coxsackievirus, echovirus, HAV)
rhinovirus reovirus (rotavirus) |
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All DNA viruses are linear except
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Papilloma and polyoma (circular, supercoiled)
hepadna (circular and incomplete) |
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Herpesviruses
'gon't get herpes in a CHEVrolet' |
+envelope
dsDNA- linear HSV-1 oral, keratoconjunctivitis HSV-2 genital, lesions VZV chickenpox, zoster, shingles EBV mono, burkitt's lymphoma CMV infection in immunosuppressed, esp transplant; congenital defects HHV -6 roeola (exanthem subitum) HHV-8 Kapo |
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Roseola
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HHV-6 dx: transient rash - starts on neck, spreads to trunk and head but is gone w/ a day; preceded by a 3 day self limiting high fever; usually pt is < 2yo (febrile confvulsions rarely occur)
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Hepadnavirus
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enveloped
dsDNA-partial circular HbV = acute or chornic hepatitis vaccine available contains reverse transcriptase even though it's not a retrovirus |
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Adenovirus
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no envelope
dsDNA-linear febrile pharagitis, sore throat penumonia conjunctivitis - 'pink eye' |
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Parvovirus
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no envelope
dsDNA-linear (smalles DNA virus) B19 virus = aplastic crises in sickle cell dx 'slapped cheeks' rash (erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) hydrops fetalis |
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Papillomavirus
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no envelope
dsDNA-circular HPV-warts, CIN, cervical CA |
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Polyomavirus
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no envelope
dsDNA-circular JC - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV |
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Poxvirus
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enveloped
dsDNA-linear (largest dna virus) smallpox, althrough eradicated, could be used in germ warfare vaccinia-cowpox (milkmaid's blisters' molluscum contagiosum |
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Picornaviruses
(PERCH) |
no envelope
ssRNA-linear Poliovirus - polio-salk/sabin vaccines-IPV/OPV Echovirus - aspetic meningitis Rhinoviurs - 'common cold' Coxsackievirus-aspetic meningitis, (cox A) herpangina-febrial pharygitis, hand, foot, and mouth disease, (Cox B) myocarditis |
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hand, foot and mouth disease
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causes dy enterovirus - cox A
consists of high fever followed by sore throat and blisters on the top of the throat, palms and soles (rash may also cover the body) |
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Caliciviruses
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no envelope
ssRNA-linear HEV norwalk virus - viral gastroenteritis |
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Reoviruses
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no envelope
dsRNA-linear (10-12 segments) *double icosahedral* reovirus-colorado tick fever rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children |
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Colorado tick fever
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*reovirus
Two phased febrile disease: fever, chills, headaches,pain behind the eyes, light sensitivity, muscle pain, generalized malaise abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting as well as a flat or pimply rash |
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Togaviruses
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enveloped
ssRNA-linear rubella (german measles) eastern equine encephalitis western equine encephalitis |
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Flavaviruses
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enveloped
ssRnA-linear HCV Yellow fever Dengue st.louis encephalitis west nile virus |
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what are arboviruses? Name them (paul bunyan wearing a toga w/ a mosiquito sucking is flavorful bd!)
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viruses transmitted by arthropods:
Some flaviviruses (yellow fever, dengue, st.louis encephalitis, west nile) Some togaviruses (east and western equine encephalitis) some bunyaviruses (cali encephalitis and Cremean-congo hemorrhagic fever) |
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Retroviruses
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enveloped
ssRNA-linear have reverse transcriptase HIV-aids HTLV (human t-lymphotropic viruse)-tcell leukemia |
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Coronavirus
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enveloped
ssRNA-linear coronavirus = common cold and SARS |
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orthomyxoviruses
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enveloped
ssRNA-linear (8 segments) influenza virus |
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Paramyxoviruses (PRM)
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enveloped
ssRNA-linear, nonsegmented P: parainfluenza = croup R: RSV - bronchiolitis in babies, rx = ribavirin M: measles - rebeola M: mumps |
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Rhabdoviruses
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enveloped
ssRNA-linear rabies |
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Filoviruses
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enveloped
ssRNA-linear ebola/marburg hemorrhagic fever -often fatal |
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ebola
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*filovirus
early symptoms: high fever, headache, jt pain, abd pain, severe weakness, sore throat, n/v; later: bdy diarrhea, petechia from sclerotic arterioles, hypovolemia, tachy, organ failure |
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Arenaviruses
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enveloped
ssRNA-circular LCV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice |
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Lassa Fever
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*arenavirus
mainly found in Africa Hemorrhagic fever w/ GI; Respiratory; cardiovascular involvement - quickly fatal if not treated |
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Bunyaviruses
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enveloped
ssRNA-circular (3 segments) California encphalitis sandfly/rift valley fevers crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever Hantavirus - hemorrahgic fever, pneumonia |
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Deltavirus
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enveloped
ssRNA-circular Hepatitis D virus |
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Segmented viruses (BOAR)
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Bunyaviruses {Hantav, enceph, hemorrhagic fever}
Orthomyxoviruses (influenza) Arenaviruses {LCV} reoviruses {rotavirus} |
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HSV-1
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Gingivostomatitis (oral uclers); keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalitis, herpes labialis
*tranmission: respiratory secretions, saliva |
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VZV
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Shingles, encephalitis, pneumonia
*trans: respiratory secretions |
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EBV
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infectious mono, Burkitt's lymphoma [t(8:14)]
*trans: respiratory secretions, saliva *oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV |
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CMV
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congential infection, mono (neg monospot, which is only + in ebv mono), pneumonia, path: owl's eye
*trans: congenital, transfusion, sex, saliva, urine, transplant |
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HHV-8
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Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV pts)
*trans: sex dx characteristics: hemorrhagic skin lesions are papular, +/- fungating, GI, respiratory involvement, hard palate lesions; rx: supportive and HAART shrinks & slows growth |
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Tzanck test
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take a smear of opened skin vesicle - looks to detect multinucleated giant cells = HSV1, 2 and VZV. Infected cells also have intranuclear cowdry A inclusions
"Tzanch heavens I don't have herpes!" |
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Monospot test
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heterophil Ab's detected by agglutination of sheep RBC's
*is postive for EBV mono, - in CMV mono* |
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Mono symptoms (4)
Mono associations |
Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy (esp p.auricular nodes)
Hodgkin's and Burkitt's |
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Yellow fever
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*flavivirus (arbovirus carried by aedes mosquitos)
*monkey or human reservoir *high fever, blk vomitus, jaundice *path: councilman bodies (acidopohilic inclusions) may be seen in liver |
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pathophys of rotavirus
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*acute watery diarrhea in winter*
villous destruction w/ atrophy leads to decreaed absorption of Na+ & water |
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Rubella
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*togavirus = ssRNA
3 days of measles, fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fine truncal rash; serious congenital disease |
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TORCH(s)
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Toxoplasmosis
Other: VZV, parvo Rubella CMV Herpes (syphilis) |
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Genetic shift
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Reassortment - rapid change of antigens via segment exchange b/w two different segments on different viruses
*could causes pandemic* |
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Genetid drift
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antigenic drift - gradual change via random mutations w/in virus that changes the antigenic makeup
*drift in hemagglutinin (HA) and neuramidase (NA) of the orthomyxoviridae causes epidemics* |
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Rx of Influenza
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Amantadine and rimantadine - useful for influ A, but resistance is high
Zanamivir and oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitors) useful for both A and B |
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Koplik spots
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red spots w/ blue-white center on buccal mucosa, diagnostic for measles - show up 1-2 days before body rash
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Measles: 3 C's and possible complications
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Prodrome: Cough, Coryza (severe cold), Conjunctivitis/photophobia *rash spreads from head to toe, appears 2-3 days after prodrome onset*
SSPE (yrs later), giant cell pneumonia (immunosuppressed) |
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Mumps symptoms (POM)
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*paramyxovirus
Parotitis Orchitis (testes inflamm) - weary of sterility Meningitis (aseptic) |
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Nigri bodies
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characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons by rabies virus
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Rabies virus - dx
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ssRNA,Bullet-shaped capsid - travels retrograde up nn to CNS
dx: long incubation (wks-mo), fatal encephalitis, seizures, hydrophobia, hypersalivation, pharyngeal spasm *trans: bat, racoon, skunk > dog |
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HAV
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Asyptomatic (usually)
Acute - short incubation (3 wks) Alone (no carriers *fecal-oral* |
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HBV
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Bd borne
*parenteral, sex, matenal-fetal routes *long incubation - 3 mo *hepadnaviruse has a DNA dependent DNA polymerase |
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HCV
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*flavavirus
Chronic Cirrhosis CA Carriers Coke addicts *trans: bd |
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HDV
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*delta agent*
defective (req's HBsAg as its envelope Dependent - on HBV for co-infection *carriers |
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HEV
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*RNA calicivirus
Enteric Expectant mothers (high mortality) Epidemics (water borne) |
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which HSV's predispose to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular Ca?
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HBV and HCV
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neuramindidase (NA) function
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antigenic NZ produced by influenza viruses - cleaves neuraminic acid, which is a component of mucin - our respiratory defense barrier
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Hemagglutinin (Ha)
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antigenic protein of influnza viruses that attaches sialic acid R's present on surface of rbcs (causes heme agglutination when mixed w/ rbcs)
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number one cause of pneumonia in youngins (<6 mo)
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RSV
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Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I)
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*caribbean islands
Tcell leukemia tropical spastic paraparesis *retrovirus* |
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HIV genome
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gag: group antigen - codes all major antigenic proteins
env: codes envelope proteins (pg120 and gp41) pol: codes protease, integrase and reverse transcriptase |
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function of reverse transcriptase
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synthesizes dsDNA from ssRNA (dsDNA then integrates into host genome)
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CD4 < 50 increases risk to:
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CMV retinitis and esophagitis
disseminated M.avium-intracellulare cryptococcal meningoencephalitis |
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CD4 < 100 increases risk to:
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candidal esophagitis
toxo histo |
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mycobacterium avium-intracelulare (MAI) presentation
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smoldering, wasting, fever, night sweats, weight loss, diarrhea, elevated LFTS
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CMV - congenital dx
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MR (most common viral form of MR), microcephaly, deafness, seizures, multiple other defects
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Hantavirus
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Bunyavirdae
presents w/ Respiratory distress (ARDS)/pneumonia carried by rodents |
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Subsclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
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rare complication of measles (presents yrs after acute dx resolves): personality changes, lethargy, odd behavior, myoclonic jerking, dementia, eventual flaccidity and rigidity... death at any stage
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signs of congential rubella
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deafness, cataracts, heart defects (PDA, PAS), MR
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Signs of congenital CMV
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petechial rash, intracranial calcifications, MR, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, jaundice - but 90% asymp at birth
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signs of congenital HIV
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hepatosplenomegaly, neurologic abnormalities, frequent infections
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