joints

study of the joints

arthrology

study of musculoskeletal movement

kinesiology

freely movable joint

diarthrosis

slightly movable joint

amphiarthrosis

joint w/ little or no movement

synarthrosis

joints classified how adjacent bones are joined

fibrous, cartilaginous, bony, synovial

joint formed when gap between two bones ossifies

bony joint(synostosis)

can occur in fibrous or cartilaginous joints

bony joint(synostosis)

fibrous joint

synarthrosis

type of joint formed when fibers span the space between bones

fibrous joint(synarthrosis)

immovable fibrous joints

bind skull bones together

serrate-interlocking lines

coranal, sagittal and lamboid sutures

lap-overlapping beveled edges

temporal and parietal bones

plane-straight overlapping edges

palatine processes of the maxillae

types of fibrous joints

sutures, gomphoses, syndesmosis

attachment of a tooth to its socket, held in place by fibrous periodontal ligament

gomphoses(fibrous joint)

two bones bound by ligament only, most movable of fibrous joints

syndesmosis(fibrous joint)

types of cartilaginous joints

synchondrosis, symphysis

bones are joined by hyaline cartilage, rib attachment to sternum

synchondrosis

2 bones joined by fibrocartilage, only slight amount of movement is possible

symphysis

joint in which 2 bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity, most are freely movable

synovial joint

encloses joint cavity

articular capsule

slippery fluid, feeds cartilages

synovial fluid

hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces

articular cartilage

attaches muscle to bone

tendon

attaches bone to bone

ligament

saclike extension of joint cavity

bursa

cylinders of connective tissue lined w/ synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon

tendon sheaths

rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum

lever

occurs when effort overcomes resistance

rotation

2 types of levers

increases output of force, moves object further and faster

types of levers produce either__

increase in speed or force

is calculated from the length of the effort arm divided by the length of the resistance arm

mechanical advantage

causes hand to move fast and further

contraction of the biceps

has fulcrum in the middle between effort and resistance

first class lever

resistance between fulcrum and effort

second class lever

effort between the resistance and fulcrum

third class lever

degrees through which a joint can move

range of motion

shoulder joint's 3 degrees of freedom

multiaxial joint

types of synovial joints

ball and socket, condyloid, saddle, gliding, hinge, pivot

smooth hemesperhical head fits w/in a cuplike depression, multiaxial joint

ball and socket joint

oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on the next

condyloid joint

in this joint, each articular surface is shaped like a saddle, concave in one direction and convex in the other

saddle joint

this type of joint has flat articular surfaces in which bones slide over each other

gliding joints

one bone w/ convex surface that fits into a concave depression on other bone, monoaxial joint

hinge joint

one bone has a projection that fits into a ringlike ligament of another

pivot joint

example of ball and socket joint

humerus to scapula, femur to acetabulum

example of condyloid joint

joints at bases of fingers

example of saddle joint

joint at base of thumb

example of hinge joint

femur and tibia at knee joint

most freely movable joint in body

humeroscapular joint

single joint capsule enclosing the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints

elbow joint

in this joint, head of femur ariculates w/ acetabulum, joint capsule strengthened by ligaments

coaxal joint

the anterior and lateral cruciate ligaments of this joint limit anterior and posterior sliding movements

knee joint

medial and lateral collateral ligaments prevent

rotation of extended knee

broad term for pain and inflammation of joints

arthritis

results from years of joint wear

osteoarthritis

autoimmune attack on joints

rheumatoid arthritis