Neuro path review

lewy bodies

characteristic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions - made of alpha-synuclein

Parkinsons (Sugstantia nigra and locus ceruleus)

Pick bodies

intracellular aggregated tau protein (yes that's the same protein in neurofibrillary tangles)

Pick's disease = frontotemporal dementia

Huntington genetics

AD; Chrom 4 = expansion of CAG within the Huntintin gene (which means more than the normal 11-34)

(loss of GABAergic neurons)

Parkinson's TRAP

Termor (rest); cogwheel rigidity, akinesia, Postural instability

Glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV astrocytoma)

elderly; most common primary tumor
Cerebral hemispheres - can cross
dead w/in 1 yr; psuedopalisading pleomorphic tumor cells border the central necrosis - whatever that means

Meningioma
(2nd most common primary brain Ca)

benign, slowly growing; convexities of hemispheres and parasagittal region
*arachnoid cells external to brain and is resectable!*
*psammomma bodies*

Medulloblastoma

common

young children
cerebellum
highly malignant, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) - radiosensitive
*may have rosette pattern*

Oligodendroglioma

rare

middle aged peeps, slow growing
closely packed cells w/ large nulcei w/ halo (fried egg); cerebral hemispheres, center calcification w/ chicken-wire pattern of cells

epenymoma (pst. ependymal cells make CSF)

rare - but more common in children

usually 4th ventricle
hydrocephalus
perivascular pseudorosettes, rod shaped blepharoplasts (basal cilliary bodies) near nuc

Pilocytic astrocytoma (low grade)

usually well circumscribed - in children, most often in p.fossa - good px

Rosenthal fibers - eosinophilic corkscrew fibers

Neuroblastoma

stolid glial tumor not located in the CNS... 3rd most common form of Ca in children; known to secrete hormones

schwannoma (neurilemmoma)

3rd most common audlt intracranial Ca

benign, slow growing encapsulated tumor of schwann cells
most common on CN VIII
(neurofibromatosis assoc w/ bilateral schwannomas)

Hemangioblastoma

children, cerebellar,

foamy cells and high vascularity are characteristics
assoc w/ von Hippel-Lindau syn when retinal angiomas present
*secondary polycythemia*

craniopharyngioma

benign, childhood - most common supratentorial tumor
can also cause bitemproal hemianopia (derived from remnants of Tathke's pouch)

Bells can be a complication in which diseases?

Alexander Bell w/ STD:
AIDS
Lyme dx
Sarcoid
Tumors
Diabetes

Duret Hemorrhages

located in upper and paramedian parts of upper b.stem (pons and midbrain) -- indicate ICP