Chapter 2.1

psychodynamic theories

descriptive of Freud's view that various forces move through the personality and determine behavior

preconscious

in psychodynamic theory, the part of the mind whose contents are not in awareness but are capable of being brought into awareness by focusing attention

unconscious

in psychodynamic theory, the part of the mind whose contents are not available to ordinary awareness

repression

in psychodynamic theory, a defense mechanism that protects the self from anxiety by keeping unacceptable wishes, impulses, and ideas out of the awareness

psychoanalysis

in this usage, Freud's method of exploring human personality

resistance

a blocking of thoughts whose awareness could cause anxiety

psychic structures

in psychodynamic theory, a hypothesized mental structure that helps explain different aspects of behavior

id

the psychic structure, present at birth, that represents physiological drives and is fully unconscious. (Latin translation: it)

pleasure principle

the guiding principle of the id,directing pursuit of instant gratification of instintual demands without regard to social requirements or needs of others

ego

the second psychic structure to develop, characterized by self-awareness, planning, and the delay of gratification (Latin translation: I)

reality principle

the guiding principle of the ego, directing pursuit of satisfaction of instinctual demands within the constraints of social living

defense mechanism

in psychodynamic theory, an unconscious function of the ego that protects the self from anxiety-evoking material entering conscious awareness

superego

the third psychic structure, which functions as a moral guardian and sets forth high standards for behavior

identification

in psychodynamic theory, unconscious assumption of another person's behavior- usually the parent of the same gender

eros

in psychodynamic theory, the basic instinct to preserve and perpetuate life

libido

(1) in psychodynamic theory, the energy of eros; the sexual instinct (2) generally, sexual interest or drive

erogenous zones

an area of the body that is sensitive to sexual sensations

psychosexual development

in psychodynamic theory, the process by which libidinal energy is expressed through different erogenous zones during different stages of development

oral stage

the first stage of psychosexual development, during which gratification is hypothesized to be attained primarily through oral activities

fixation

in psychodynamic theory, a form of arrested development, marked by the appearance of traits associated with an earlier stage of psychosexual development

anal stage

the second stage of psychosexual development, when gratification is attained through anal activities-contraction and relaxation of the muscles that control elimination of waste products from the body

phallic stage

the third stage of psychosexual development, characterized by a shift of libido to the phallic region

oedipus complex

a conflict to the phalli stage in which the boy wishes to pessess his mother sexually and perceives his father as a rival in love

electra complex

a conflict of the phallic stage in which the girl longs for her father and resents her mother

displaced

transfer

latency

a phase of psychosexual development characterized by repression of sexual impulses; thier sexual feelings remain unconscious.

genital stage

the mature stage of psychosexual development, characterizedby preferred expression of libido through intercourse within the context of marriage

analytical psychology

Jung's psychodynamic theory, which emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes

collective unconscious

Jung's hypothesized store of vague memories of our ancestral past(inherited)

archetypes

basic, primitive images or concepts that reflect the history of our species

inferiority complex

feelings of inferiority hypothesized by Adler to serve as a central motivating force in the personality

drive for superiority

Adler's term for the desire to compensate for feelings of inferiority

creative self

Adler's term for the self-aware part of the personality that directs goal-seeking efforts

individual psychology

the term describing Adler's personality theory that emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual

psychosocial development

Erikson's theory of personality and development, which emphasizes social relationships and eight stages of personal growth

ego identity

Erikson's term for the sense of who we are and what we stand for

identity crisis

Erikson's term for a period of serious soul-searching about one's beliefs, values, and direction in life