Embryo

Pharyngeal fistula

pharyngeal pouch 2 and pharyngeal groove 2 persist - form a fistula from the internal tonsillar area to th external neck, generally on the a.border of the SCM m

Pharyngeal cyst

when parts of the pharyngeal grooves that are normally obliterated persist, thereby froming a cyst, generally near the angly of the mandible

first arch syndrome

abnormal development of the pharyngeal arch 1 - produces various facial anomalies (cause by lack of migration of neural crest cells into pharyngeal arch 1
ex: Treacher Collins syn, Pierre Robin syn

DiGeorge syn

pharyngeal pouches 3 & 4 fail to differentiate into thymus and parathryroid glands
CATCH 22

Thyroglossal duct cyts

when parts of thyroglossal duct persist and form a cyst, most common midline near hyoid bone, or bast of tongue (lingual cyst) - painless but grows

Pouch 1:

epithelial lining of auditory tube, middle ear cavity

Pouch 2:

epithelial lining of palatine tonsil crypts

pouch 3:

inferior parathyroid glands, thymus

Pouch 4:

superior parathyroid glands, ultimobranchial body (where neural crest cells migrate to become C-cells of the thyroid)

Arch 1
*innervation
*mesoderm derivatives

CN V (2 & 3)
mm of mastication, myolohyoid, tensor veli palatini, a.belly of digastric

Arch 1 neural crest cell derivatives

maxilla, zygomatic bone, squamous temporal bone, palatine bone, vomer, mandible, incus , malleus, sphenomandibular ligament

Arch 2
*innervation
*mesoderm derivatives

CN VII
mm of facial expression, p.belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius

Arch 2 neural crest cell derivatives

lesser horn and upper body of hyoid bone, stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament

Arch 3
*innervation
*mesoderm derivatives
*neural crest cell derivatives

CN IX
*stylopharyngeus mm
*greater horn and lower body of hyoid bone

Arch 4
*innervation
*mesoderm derivatives - es todos

CN X (superior laryngeal br)
mm of soft palat, mm of pharynx, cricothyroid, cricopharyngeus, laryngeal cartilages

Arch 6
*innervation
*meosderm derivatives - es todos

CN X (irecurrent laryngeal br)
*intrinsic mm of larynx, upper mm of esoph, laryngeal cartilages

Meckel's cartilage is from arch 1, includes:

Mandible, malleus, incus, and sphenomandibular ligament

Female gonads:

ovary, primordial follicles, rete ovarii

male gonads:

testes, seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti rete testes, leydig cells

aramesonephric ducts in females:

uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, superior 1/3 of vag
*hydatid of Morgagni

paramesonephric duct in males:

appendix testes

mesonephric ducts in females:

appendix vesiculosa, Gartner's duct

mesonephric ducts in males:

epididymus, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct
*appendix epididymis

mesonephric tubules in females:

eoppphoron, paroophoron

mesonephric tubules in males:

efferent ductules
*paradidymis

phallus in females:

clitoris

phallus in males:

glans and body of penis

urogenital folds in females:

labia minora

urogenital folds in males:

penile raphe

labioscrotal swellings in females:

labia majora, mons pubis

labioscrotal swellings in males:

scrotum, scrotal raphe

gubernaculum in females:

ovarian ligment, round ligament of uterus

gubernaculum in males:

gubernaculum testes (anchor)

processus vaginalis in females

nothing

processus vaginalis in males:

tunica vaginalis (serous membrane deep to cremaster mm)

1st Aortic arch

part of maxillary a

2nd aortic arch

stapedial a and hyoid a

3rd aortic arch

common carotid a and prox part of internal carotid a

4th aortic arch

L: aortic arch
R: prox R subclavian a

6th aortic arch

prox pulmonary aa and on left, ductus arteiosus

umbilical v

ligmaentum teres hepatis (w/in the falciform ligament)

umbilical aa

medial umbilical ligaments

ductus arteriousus

ligamentum arteriosum

ductus venosus

ligamentum venosum

foramen ovale

fossa ovalis

Allantosis -- urachus

median umbilical ligament (urachus is part of the allantoic duct b/w the bladder and umbilicus)

notocord

nucleus pulposis of the intervertebral disks

Cleft palate - dysfunction:

failure of fusion of the
lateral palatine processes
nasal septum
and/or median palatine process
(secondary palate)

cleft lip - dysfunction:

failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes
(primary palate)