morphology

Cusps

Elevated and usually pointed projections of various sizes and shapes on the crowns of teeth. They form the bulk of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth, and the incisal portion of the canine crowns. Incisors do not posess cusps, while canines normally exhibit one cusp, premolars 2-3 and molars 4 or more

Tubercles

Rounded or pointed projections found on the crowns of teeth. Tubercles are not a nomal finding although they are not rare. They vary in size and shape, but are usually smaller than cusps. Tubercles are often thought of as minicusps and their most likely on the lingual surface of maxillary anterior teeth, especially deciduous canines.

Cusp of Carabelli

A tubercle- a normal finding on the mesial part of the lingual surface of permanent maxillary first molars

Cingulum

A large rounded eminence on the lingual surface of all permanent and deciduous anterior teeth which emcompasses the entire cervical third of the lingual surface

Ridges

Linear and usually convex elevations on the surfaces of the crown of teeth which are named according to their locations.

Marginal ridges

The linear elevations which are convex in cross section and are found at the mesial and distal terminations of the occlusal surface of posterior teeth. They are also found on the anterior teeth but are less prominent. Their location also differs since on anterior teeth they form the lateral margins of the lingual surface.