Heme/Immuno
| created: | 3 months ago by MirandaMarguerite | tags: | why use tags on flashcarddb? |
 Study
|
 Review All
|
|
Peripheral smear of hereditary spherocytosis |
normaocytic, normochromic |
|
Peripheral smear of G6PD def |
rbc's w/ heinz bodies |
|
Sickle cell peripheral smear |
normocytic, normochromic |
|
peripheral smear of alpha-thal |
variable but all hypochromic rbcs |
|
peripheral smear of beta-thal |
anisocytosis (various sizes) |
|
megaloblastic anemia peripheral smear (b12 or folate def) bone marrow findings |
macro-ovalocytes hypercellular, nuclear/cyto dissynchrony |
|
Fe def peripheral smear |
microcytic, hypochromia |
|
aplastic anemia peripheral smear |
pancytopenia |
|
causes of aplastic anemia |
radiation |
|
symptoms of aplastic anemia |
fatigue, malaise, pallor, purpura, mucosal bleeding, petechiae, infection |
|
DIC smear findings |
helmet-shaped cells and schistocytes |
|
what factor is not synthesized in the kidney |
VIII - made in endothelum of vessels |
|
Lab findings for thrombocytopenia |
decreased platelets |
|
labs for hemophelia A or B |
no change in platelets |
|
labs for von-willebrand's disease |
no change in platelets |
|
labs for DIC |
decreased platelets |
|
labs for Vit K def |
no change in platelets |
|
labs for Bernard-Souier dx (definition?) |
(defective platelet aggreation = defective GP1b) |
|
labs for Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (definition) |
(defect in platelet aggregation = defect in GP IIb/IIIa) |
|
Reed sternberg cells |
giant cell in Hodgkin's |
|
Burkitt mutation |
t(8:14) - c-myc activation |
|
follicular lymphoma mutation |
t(14;18) - bcl-2 activation |
|
M3 type of AML (responsibe to all-trans retinoic acid) mutation |
t(15;17) |
|
Ewing's sarcoma mutation |
t(11;22) |
|
Mantle cell lymphoma mutation |
t(11;14) - bcl-1 activation |
|
most common adult lymphoma |
follicular lymphoma - indolent course |
|
auer bodies (rods) |
peroxidase + cytoplasmic inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblast (assoc w/ AML) - M3 type. When released (from Rx) - can cause DIC |
|
adult onset, B cells, mature, found in a focal mass |
smal lymphocytic lymphoma very similar to CLL - but focal mass present |
|
Adult onset, B cells, angulated grooved cells in a lymphoid center looking mass, nodular pattern |
Follicular lymphoma |
|
Usually older adults, mixed B T cells (B dominate), large cells, aggressive (but up to 50% curable) |
diffuse large cell lymphoma |
|
Adult onset, CD5+, Bcells - similar to small lymphocytic lymphoma but arises from outer zone of the follicle |
mantle cell lymphoma |
|
Children, immature T cells, mediastinal mass, aggressive course |
lymphoblastic lymphoma |
|
sheets of lymphocytes w/ interspersed macs |
Burkitt's lymphoma |
|
Children < 10, lymphoblasts, TdT+ (marker for pre-T and B cells) |
ALL |
|
adolescents to Adults <40yo , myeloblasts on smear |
AML |
|
Older adults >60 yo, mature B cells, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, few symptoms, indolent course (px 5-7 yrs w/ low symptoms) |
CLL |
|
adults 30-60yo, mature cells of the myeloid line, increased PMNs and metamyelocytes |
CML |
|
A left shift (80% bands) and high leukocyte alkaline phosphatase |
leukemoid reaction |
|
what cells arise from the myeloid stem cell? |
meyloblast, monoblast (histiocytes), megakaryoblast |
|
Birbeck granules |
tennis rackets - on EM |
|
avg age 70 yo, lytic bone lesions = hypercalcemia, bone pain, B-cell proliferation, frequent respiratory infections |
MM |
|
prominent splenomegaly, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia |
Hairy cell leukemia - bone marrow bx: single rund nucleus w/ cytoplasm w/ fine fibrillary projections |
|
serum sickness |
type III hypersensitivity dx |
|
Arthus reaction |
type III hypersensitivity - subacute Ab-mediated |
|
common hypersensitivity dx (7) |
type 1DM |
|
hyperacute rejection |
w/in minutes |
|
acute rejection |
cell mediated due to cytotoxic T lymph reacting agains foreign MHC's - |
|
chronic rejection |
Ab-mediated vascular damage (fibrinoid necrosis) |
|
graft-vs-host |
grafted immunocompetent T cells reject 'foreign' cells |
|
IL-12 receptor deficiency: |
disseminated mycobacterial infections due to decreased Th1 response (IL-12 must be present for undifferentiated Th cells to turn into Th1s) |
|
hyper-IgM syndrome |
defect in CD40 ligand - on CD4 Thelper cells leads to inabilit to class switch. |
|
Wiskott-Aldrich syn |
X-linked defect in ability to mount an IgM respons to capsular polysaccharides of bacteria |
|
Job's syndrome |
faliure of INF-gamma production by helper T cells |
|
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency |
defect in LFA-1 integrin proteins on phagocytes |
|
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis |
t-cell dys specifically agains candida. |
|
selective immunoglobin def |
def in sp class of Ig's - possible due to a defect in isotype switching |
|
Ataxia telangiectasia |
defect in DNA repair NZ's w/ assoc IgA def. |
|
Common variable immunodeficiency |
nomal numbers of circulating B cells, decreased plasma cells (defect in B-cell maturation), decreased Ig, can be acquired in 20-30s |
|
Bite cell |
G6PD def |
|
teardrop cell |
myeloid metaplasia w/ myelofibrosis |
|
acanthocyte |
spiny appearance in abetalipoproteinemia |
|
target cells |
HALT |
|
poikilocytes |
nonuniform shapes in TTP/HUS |
|
Burr cell |
TTP/HUS |
|
basophilic stippling |
TAIL |
|
Heinz bodies |
(Hb degredation products w/in the cell) |
|
causes of microcytic, hypochromic anemia |
Iron def |