CRS Test 1

Ethnocentrism

The expression in actions or judgments of a particular cultures viewpoint as being superior.

Westernization

US influence globally on dress, lifestyle and outlook.
Influence of west on the non-west.

Global Perspective

Sensitivity to diversity, understanding and appreciation of other cultures. avoiding ethnocentric bias.

Technology

Techniques used to construct objects.

Ethnocentric Bias

Viewing one’s own culture’s Practices,Values,Appearance as better than anothers.

Ideology

Beliefs, attitudes, and values
Set of rules to DEFINE good and bad, right and wrong.

Purdah

Rules regarding how women can dress when they are out in public in Islamic cultures

Social Structure

How humans organize themselves into groups/Assigning roles

What are the two types of Culture

ABSTRACT (NONMATERIAL) and MATERIAL
Dress involves both types

What is Abstract Culture?

ideal, religion, anything that is not material that has to do with the culture

what is Material Culture?

the material part of the culture

what is the definition of dress

An assemblage of modifications of the body and/or supplements to the body

Types of dress

>Body modification
>Body supplements

Body modifications

>Body color
>Body texture
>Body shape

Examples of Body Modifications

Transformation of...
>Skin
>Hair
>nails
>muscular/skeletal system
>Teeth
>Breath (odor)

Body Supplements

The envelopment and covering of the body or some part of the body.

Early theories of why humans dress.

>adornment
>Protection
>Modesty
>Immodesty

Modern theory as to why humans dress

Communication
>personal identity
>Social information

Adornment types

Corporal and External

Corporal Adornment

Cicatrisation (scarification)
Tattooing
Contortion
Removal of Body Parts
Piercing

External Adornment

The envelopment and covering of the body or some part of the body.

Paint and Make-Up
Proprioceptive
Intrinsic
Sartorial
Local

Purpose of Adornment

display
attraction
aesthetic expression
belonging

What type of adornment is both external and corporate.

Hair Styling

Cultural Learning

Socialization- Internal taught to members of a culture.

Diffusion- Spread from one culture to another.

Cultural Standards dictate how a person may adorn the body, and may in turn...

Limit a persons choices.

Acceptance by society (SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE)
The form that cultural standards take differ from culture to culture.

What are some Global Cultural Standards

Cleanliness, Health, and youth

Dress Protects Humans from

Elements, Animals and Supernatural forces.

What are the two types of Protection

Psychological and physical.

Psychological protection

Gain protection or assistance from unseen forces.

Physical Protection

Protection from weather, animals, other humans and disease.

PHYSICAL VS. PSYCHOLOGICAL Protection.

Physical a secondary function

Psychological or supernatural primary (related to adornment)

Modesty

Having a regard for decencies of behavior or dress.
>Concealing body parts
>Different across cultures
>Response universal within a specific culture
>Associated with shame

Contemporary Western society
between ages 3 and 5

Two Kinds of nudity

Unconscious Nudity
Conscious Nudity

Immodesty

>Reveal Body Parts
>Sexual Attraction
>Direct Attention
>Not a widely used theory

Modesty and Imodesty

>Complex
>Context-bound
>Secondary motives

Communications

>Transmission of information and ideas by symbols
>Communication is a Result of dress

Perception

Process of Sensing data and Transmitting to the brain

Person Perception

The way we learn and think about other individuals
>Characteristics
>Intentions
>Inner states

Processes of Person Perception

>First Impressions
>Stereotypes

Precision

Stability = Increased Precision
Change = Decreased Precision

Types of Economic Systems

Subsistence Economies
Barter Economies
Centrally Planned Economies
Market Economies

SUBSISTENCE ECONOMIES

Pre-industrial societies
Family or clan govern
Group meets own needs
Homogeneous (similar) dress

BARTER ECONOMIES

Less group isolation
Family primary social unit
Product(s) or service(s) traded
Dress is created by:
>Simple spinning/weaving
>processing Simple construction

CENTRALLY-PLANNED ECONOMIES

Government determines:
>production &
>distribution of goods
Production exceeds need
Workforce is needed
Dress:
>Infrequent changes in styles
>Fabric production limited
>Fashion change avoided

MARKET ECONOMIES

Free market forces
Supply and demand
Technologically advanced societies:
>Mass production, distribution
>Mass marketing,communication
Dress:
>Based on Fashion Cycle
>Waste valued

What is Proprioceptive?

An object that is warn to increase the size or scale of the body

Intrinsic

an item of dress that has special value

sartorial

decoration applied directly to cloathing like beadwork or embrodery.

local

an item the draws attention to a specfic place on the body. like a neckless would draw attention to your neck