World Cultures important terms

Reasons for new Imperialism of 19th century

natural resources, religion, slavery, prestiege/land

now outside powers coming in

Berlin Conference

1884-85; division of Africa by major world powers
- no Africans present

Effects of imperialism on Africa

CONS: Disrupted culture; Nonsensical borders

PROS: infrastructure; technology; trade

White Man’s Burden

burden to civilize the savages
Racism; white superiority

Rudyard Kipling - 1899

How much of Africa colonized; what major powers?

1880s: 11% colonized

1914: everything except Liberia and Ethiopia
o Major powers:

Imperialism in the Congo and South Africa

o Congo – cons; example of inhuman, oppressive and brutal
 Leopold

Cecil Rhodes

wanted to create railroad running thru Africa

Sepoy Mutiny (British)

 First war of independence (Indians)
o Leads to the creation of Indian National Congress
 Initially only wanted home rule – worked with Gandhi
o British East India company’s control is slipping

Civil disobedience

philosophy of nonviolent, peaceful protest intended to spark a response
(GANDHI)

The Salt March

1930 - brutality to nonviolent protestors
symbolic to whole world; Britain has lost moral ascendancy; global perspective shifts, and sympathy for a free India

Jawaharlal Nehru

first Prime Minister of India

Mohammed Ali Jinnah:

first president of Pakistan

Period of isolation – Why? Effects?

o Chinese superiority; didn’t need anything; self sufficient
o *Similar to Japan: economic activity within feudal towns (pottery, kimonos, theater, etc.)

Opium War- causes and effects

o Chinese boycott -->opium war
o
o Results in treaty of Nanjing

Treaty of Nanjing

Chinese have to: Open 5 ports to British trade; Limit taxes (on British goods)

British get Hong Kong (lose territory)
 Chinese pay
 Extraterritoriality – foreigners have to follow their own laws; British people have to be tried in British courts

“Self strengthening” reforms:

Chinese want to adopt western technology but keep Confucian values
- Makes traditionalists resistant to bringing in western education, etc.
- Internal unrest weakens the dynasty

Treaty of Tianjin

-More ports
-Legalize opium = no more undercover British smuggling

Boxer rebellion:

(goal – expel the foreigners) antagonism against foreigners

Dowager Empress Ci Xi:

helps stop the reform, very traditionalist (supports the Boxers)

Commodore Perry

JAPAN
warships, ends Japan's period of isolation

How did Japan's period of isolation end?

Group of Samurai overthrew shogun and put the emperor back on the throne / Commodore Perry

Meiji definition

"enlightened rule"

Meiji restoration

REFORMS

FILL IN

China - relationship btwn gov't and private business

o Gov’t becomes very supportive of business to help economic growth

Kemal Attaturk’s

Father of modern turkey:
introduces many reforms; Turkey on the way to modernization

Persia --> ?

IRAN: military leader says reform; religious leaders say no
o Name Iran: b/c Hitler; Aryan superiority

Arabian Penninsula -->?

SAUDI ARABIA:
o Islamic monarchy
o B/c of oil - very powerful country

League of Nations mandates:

o That Britain takes over Palestine (Israel, Jordan, and Lebanon) continue to have problems b/c Jewish people think British are supporting them
o WWI: British said to Jews; we support getting homeland in Palestine
o WWII:

Balfour Declaration

British gov’t supported the creation of homeland for Jews in Palestine