Study
Review All
Quiz!
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eukaryote |
a cell that contains a nucleus |
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prokaryote |
a cell that does not have a nucleus |
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How are living things organized for study? |
-To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner |
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What is binomial nomenclature? |
In binomial nomenclature, each animal is assigned a two-part scientific name (in Latin) |
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What is Linnaeus's system of classification? |
Linnaeus's hierarchical system of classification includes seven levels (taxonomic categories). Largest to Smallest -- Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Species. Dumb King Philip Came Over For Soup |
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taxonomy |
when scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name |
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binomial nomenclature |
a two-word naming system |
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genus |
a group of closely related species |
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taxon |
a category or "level" in Linnaeus's classification system |
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family |
the larger category to which genera that share many characteristics belong |
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order |
is a broad taxonomic category that is composed of similar families |
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class |
the next larger category that is composed of similar families |
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phylum |
includes many different organisms that share important characteristics |
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kingdom |
is the largest and most inclusive of taxonomic categories |
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Where does the energy for life processes come from? |
-Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth |
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How efficient is the transfer of energy among organisms in an ecosystem? |
-Only about 10 percent of the energy among organisms within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level |
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How does energy flow through living systems? |
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers) |
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food chain |
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
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autotroph |
an organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food |
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producer |
organism that produces its own food |
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photosynthesis |
the process of autotrophs using light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-enriched carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
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chemosynthesis |
when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
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heterotroph |
an organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply |
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consumer |
an organism that consumes other organisms for energy |
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herbivore |
an organism that obtains energy by eating only plants |
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carnivore |
an organism that eats other animals for energy |
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omnivore |
an organism that eats both plants and animals to obtain energy |
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detritivore |
an organism that feeds on dead matter and animal remains |
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decomposer |
an organism that beaks down organic matter |
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food chain |
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
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food web |
links all the food chains in an ecosystem together |
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trophic level |
each step in the food chain |
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ecological pyramid |
a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web |
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biomass |
the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
