Barrons R

n rabid

of or suffering rabies; like a fanatic; extremely zealous; furious; CF. rabies: hydrophobia

n raconteur

story-teller; one who tells stories with wit and skill

n ragamuffin

dirty child in torn clothes; person wearing tattered clothes

s tatter

torn piece of cloth; ADJ. tattered: (of clothes) old and torn; (of a person) dressed in old torn clothes

n rail

complain bitterly; scold; rant; Ex. the weaker railing against injustices

n raiment

clothing; garments; Ex. I have no raiment fit to wear.

n rakish

jaunty; stylish; sporty; morally corrupt; dissolute; Ex. He wore his hat at a rakish and jaunty angle.

s rake

angle of a slope; V: slant from the perpendicular

s rake

immoral or dissolute person

rally

come or bring together; call up or summon (forces

ramble

wander aimlessly (physically or mentally); digress

ramification

branching out; subdivision; one branch of a system; one of the results following from an action or decision; Ex. ramifications of a business/the decision

ramify

branch out; divide into branches or subdivisions

n ramp

slope; inclined plane or roadway (connecting two levels)

n rampant

growing or spreading uncontrollably; growing in profusion; unrestrained; Ex. rampant lawlessness/weed

rampart

defensive mound of earth

n ramshackle

(of a building or vehicle) poorly constructed; rickety; falling apart

s rickety

(of buildings) likely to break or fall apart; of rickets; CF. rickets; CF. vitamin D

s ransack

search thoroughly; pillage (going through a place); Ex. Enemy soldiers ransacked the town.

n rancid

having the odor of stale or decomposing fat; rank

s rank

offensive in odor or flavor

n rancor

long-lasting hatred; bitterness; Ex. negotiation without rancor; ADJ. rancorous

random

without definite purpose

s lot

object used in making a determination at random; fate; piece of land

s draw

choosing of a lot or card

s lottery

contest in which winners are selected in a drawing of lots

s raffle

lottery; V: award as a prize in a raffle; Ex. raffle off a new car

n rankle

irritate; fester; annoy

n rant

speak violently or excitedly; rave; talk excitedly showing anger; scold; make a grandiloquent speech; Ex. The priest ranted about the devil.

n rapacious

voracious; ravenous; taking everything one can; excessively grasping; plundering; subsisting on live prey; Ex. rapacious birds

rapport

close relationship; emotional closeness; harmony

n rapt

engrossed; absorbed; enchanted; Ex. rapt listener

n rarefied

made less dense (of a gas); V. rarefy: make less dense; N. rarefaction

s rare

(of air) thin in density; rarefied; Ex. rare air of the mountains

n raspy

making a harsh noise; grating; harsh

s rasp

(of a sound) grate on (eg. nerves); make a harsh noise; have an unpleasant effect; rub with something rough; Ex. The cat's tongue rasped my hand.

ratify

approve formally; confirm; verify

n ratiocination

reasoning; act of drawing conclusions from premises; V. ratiocinate: reason logically

rationale

fundamental reason or principle (on which a system or principle is based); fundamental reason or justification; grounds for an action

rationalize

make rational; devise false reasons for (one's behavior); offer an excuse; give a plausible reason for an action in place of a true

s rational

(of a person) having reason; (of ideas) based on reason; logical

s ration

fixed portion; V: distribute as rations

n raucous

(of voice) harsh and unpleasant; (of people) disorderly and boisterous; Ex. raucous shouts

ravage

devastate; plunder; despoil; Ex. crops ravaged by storms

s maraud

move in search of plunder; Ex. marauding army

n rave

overwhelmingly favorable review; V: talk wildly as if mad; Ex. raving lunatic

ravel

fall apart into tangles; entangle; unravel or untwist

n ravenous

extremely hungry; voracious

n ravine

narrow valley with steep sides; gorge; CF. gully

raze

destroy completely; Ex. raze the city to the ground

reactionary

strongly opposed to social or political change; opposing progress; politically ultraconservative; N. OP. radical

s reinstate

restore to a previous condition or position

realm

kingdom; field or sphere; Ex. not within the realms of possibility

reaper

one who harvests grain; Ex. the Grim Reaper; V. reap: cut and gather (crop); harvest a crop

rebate

return of part of a payment; discount; V.

n rebuff

reject bluntly; snub; beat back; Ex. She rebuffed his invitation; N.

s snub

ignore or behave coldly toward; Ex. I made a suggestion but she snubbed me; N.

rebuke

scold harshly; criticize severely

n rebus

representation of words in the form of pictures or symbols; puzzle in which pictures or letters stand for words; Ex. ``R U 18'' is a rebus for ``Are you 18''.

n rebuttal

refutation; response with contrary evidence; V. rebut: refute; disprove

n recalcitrant

disobedient or resisting authority even after being punished; obstinately stubborn; determined to resist authority; unruly; Ex. recalcitrant child

recant

disclaim or disavow; retract a previous statement; openly confess error; Ex. recant one's faith/a statement

recapitulate

summarize

n recast

reconstruct (a sentence

s fashion

give shape to; make; Ex. fashion the pot out of clay

receptive

quick or willing to receive (ideas

recession

withdrawal; retreat; time of low economic activity

s recess

pause; temporary cessation; alcove; secret inner place; Ex. parliament in recess; V. CF. recessive

recidivism

habitual return to crime (even after being punished); N. recidivist

recipient

receiver

reciprocal

mutual; given and received in return; exchangeable; interacting; Ex. reciprocal trade agreement

n reciprocate

do or give something in return; repay in kind; give or take mutually; interchange; move backwards and forwards; Ex. reciprocate his invitation by inviting him; N. reciprocity: reciprocal relationship; mutual interchange of advantages between two groups; Ex. reciprocity in trading rights

recluse

hermit; loner; ADJ. reclusive

reconcile

make friendly again (after quarrel); make consistent (two ideas in opposition); correct inconsistencies; Ex. reconcile one's political principles with one's religious beliefs

recondite

abstruse; not easily understood; profound; secret

reconnaissance

survey of enemy by soldiers; reconnoitering; V. reconnoiter: make a preliminary inspection of (esp. to gather military information)

n recount

narrate or tell (a story); count over again

recourse

resorting to help when in trouble; Ex. without recourse to

s resort

turn to for help; Ex. resort to violence; N.

s makeshift

temporary expedient or substitute (in the case of urgent need); Ex. makeshift shelter

s recreant

disloyal; cowardly; N: disloyal and cowardly person

recrimination

countercharges; V. recriminate

rectify

set right; correct; CF. rect-: right

n rectitude

moral correctness; moral uprightness; moral virtue; correctness of judgment

recumbent

reclining; lying down completely or in part

s recline

lie down

recuperate

recover; return to health; regain; Ex. recuperate losses

recurrent

occurring again and again

redolent

odorous; fragrant; suggestive (of an odor); Ex. redolent of onions/mystery

n redoubtable

formidable; causing fear

n redress

remedy; compensation; Ex. seek redress for the damage to your car; V: put right; remedy or rectify (a wrong); make amends for

redundant

superfluous; more than is necessary; verbose; excessively wordy; repetitious

n reek

emit (an unpleasant odor or smoke); give off an unpleasant odor; give out smoke; Ex. reeking chimney; N: unpleasant odor; stench

s stench

strong foul odor; reek; stink

s stink

stench; V: emit a strong foul odor

n refectory

dining hall; room where meals are served (in a school)

refraction

bending of a ray of light

n refractory

unmanageable; disobedient and stubborn; Ex. refractory horse

n refrain

abstain from; resist; forbear; N: chorus

s chorus

phrase repeated throughout a song or poem

refulgent

effulgent; brilliant; brightly shining; gleaming; Ex. refulgent moon

s gleam

brief flash of light; glow; V.

n refurbish

renovate; make clean

refute

disprove; prove to be false; N. refutation

regal

royal; of a monarch; Ex. regal manner

n regale

entertain

n regatta

boat or yacht race

regeneration

spiritual rebirth; Ex. regeneration of the prisoners; V. regenerate: give or obtain new life; reform spiritually

s penology

study of prison management and criminal rehabilitation

regicide

murder of a king or queen

regime

method of system or government

n regimen

prescribed course of diet or exercise; prescribed diet and habits; Ex. daily regimen of a dancer

n regiment

military unit; V: subject to strict order; Ex. regimented society

rehabilitate

restore to proper condition (health or useful life); restore the former rank of

reimburse

repay; pay back

reiterate

repeat

n rejoinder

reply; retort; comeback; V. rejoin: say in reply

s comeback

retort; quick clever reply; return to former status

rejuvenate

make young again

n relegate

put into a lower or worse place; banish to an inferior position; delegate; assign; Ex. relegate the old furniture to the children's room; Ex. relegated to the second division

relent

become less severe; give in(surrender); ADJ. relentless: unyielding; continuously severe

relevant

having importance; pertinent; referring to the case in hand; N. relevance

n relic

surviving remnant (from an extinct culture); memento; keepsake; relics: corpse; Ex. ancient relics; Ex. relics of his travel; Ex. His relics are buried at X.

relinquish

give up something (with reluctance); yield; release; Ex. relinquish power/the claim to the land/his hold on my arm

n relish

enjoy; savor; N: enjoyment; zest

remediable

reparable

reminiscence

recollection; V. reminisce: recollect the past

s reminiscent

suggestive of something (in the past); of reminiscence

remiss

negligent; careless about a duty

remission

temporary moderation (of disease symptoms); remitting of a debt or punishment; cancelation of a debt; pardon; Ex. The disease went into remission; Ex. Christians pray for the remission of sins.

s remit

transmit (money) in payment; free someone from a debt or punishment

s remittance

remitting of money; amount of money remitted

remnant

remainder

remonstrate

protest; objection; V. remonstrate: say in protest

remorse

deep regret for wrongdoing; guilt; self-reproach

remunerative

(of work) compensating; rewarding; profitable; well-paid; V. remunerate: reward; pay (someone) for work or trouble

rend

split; tear apart; N. rent; CF. heartrending: causing deep sorrow

render

give; deliver; provide; represent in verbal or artistic form; depict; perform; make; translate; Ex. render the song beautifully

rendezvous

meeting place; meeting at a set time or place; V.

rendition

rendering; translation; artistic interpretation of a song

n renegade

deserter; traitor; ADJ.

n renege

break a promise; deny; go back on; Ex. renege on the contract/paying off the debt

renounce

abandon; give up (by formal announcement); disown; repudiate; Ex. renounce one's claim to the property/one's religion; N. renunciation

renovate

restore to good condition; renew

renown

fame; ADJ. renowned

s herald

messenger; sign of something to come; V: announce; proclaim; Ex. unheralded researcher

n rent

tear made by rending; rip; split

reparable

capable of being repaired

n reparation

compensation (for loss or wrong); amends; Ex. make reparation for the damage; CF. repair

repartee

quick clever reply

n repast

meal; feast; banquet

repeal

revoke; annul

repel

drive away; disgust; Ex. repel the attack/moisture; Ex. repelled by the dirty room; CF. repulsion

repellent

driving away; disgusting; offensive; repulsive; unattractive; N.

repercussion

rebound; reaction; reverberation; Ex. serious repercussion

repertoire

list of works of music

n repine

fret; complain; be annoyed; Ex. repine over the undone work

replenish

fill up again

replete

fully filled; filled to the brim or to the point of being stuffed; abundantly supplied; Ex. report replete with errors

s memoir

memoirs; autobiography; biography

s brim

uppermost edge of a cup; projecting rim (as on a hat); Ex. The glass was full to the brim; V: be full to the brim

replica

copy

replicate

reproduce; duplicate

repository

storehouse

s repose

resting; state of being at rest; calmness; V: lie at rest; relax; put or place; Ex. repose our hopes in a single man

reprehensible

deserving blame; blameworthy; V. reprehend: blame

repress

hold back (the natural expression of); restrain; crush; oppress; Ex. repressed child; Ex. repress a laugh/rebellion

reprieve

postponement or cancelation of a punishment; temporary stay; V: postpone or cancel the punishment of

reprimand

reprove severely; rebuke; N.

reprisal

retaliation

n reprise

musical repetition; repeating of a piece of music; repeat performance; recurrent action; Ex. reprise in the finale; Ex. constant reprises

reproach

blame (not angrily but sadly); express disapproval or disappointment; N. ADJ. reproachful

n reprobate

morally disapproved person; person hardened in sin

reprobation

severe disapproval; CF. approbation

reprove

censure; rebuke; N. reproof

repudiate

disown; disavow; deny

repugnance

disgust; strong dislike; loathing; ADJ. repugnant: arousing disgust; repulsive

repulsion

distaste; disgust; act of driving back; ADJ. repulsive: causing disgust; tending to drive away; V. repel (not `repulse')

s repulse

reject with rudeness or coldness (an offer or friendship); drive back (an enemy attack); CF. repulse $\neq$ cause repulsion

reputable

respectable; having a good reputation

reputed

supposed; Ex. reputed father of the child; V. repute: consider; N. repute: reputation; esteem

requiem

mass for the dead; dirge

s mass

Christian religious ceremony; CF. Mass: ceremony of the Eucharist

requisite

necessary requirement; something required; ADJ: required; necessary

s requisition

formal demand or request; Ex. requisition for more computing equipment; V.

n requite

make return for; repay; reciprocate; revenge; N. requittal

rescind

repeal; annul; cancel (a law

resentment

indignation; bitterness; displeasure; V. resent: feel anger about

reserve

self-control; self-restraint; formal but distant manner; reticence; Ex. without reserve: freely and openly; ADJ. reserved: shy and uncommunicative

residue

remainder; balance

s residual

remaining; left over; of a residue; N: residue

resignation

patiently submissiveness; statement that one is quitting a job; ADJ. resigned: acquiescent

s resign

give up (a position

resilient

elastic; having the power of springing back; able to recover quickly (as from misfortune)

s elastic

able to spring back into shape; quick to recover (as from disappointment); able to adapt to change; Ex. elastic plans; N: elastic material

resolution

determination; resoluteness; ADJ. resolute: firm or determined in purpose

resolve

determination; resolution; firmness of purpose

resolve

decide; settle; solve; separate; make a determined decision; N. resolution

resonant

(of a sound) echoing; resounding(sounding loudly); deep and full in sound; producing resonance; Ex. resonant voice; N. resonance

s resound

(of a place) be filled with sound; (of a sound) sound loudly; sound back; echo; Ex. hall resounded with laughter

respiration

breathing; exhalation; ADJ. respiratory

n respite

time for rest; interval of relief; delay in punishment; reprieve

resplendent

brilliant; splendid in appearance; dazzling; glorious

responsiveness

state of reacting readily to appeals

n restitution

returning something (lost or stolen) to the rightful owner; reparation; indemnification; compensation for loss

n restive

impatiently restless (induced by external coercion or restriction); restlessly impatient; obstinately resisting control; Ex. restive horses because of wolves; CF. not a general synonym for `restless'

restraint

moderation or self-control; controlling force; restriction

resumption

taking up again; recommencement; V. resume: begin or take up again; take or occupy again; Ex. Kindly resume your seats.

n resurge

rise again; flow to and fro; N. resurgence; ADJ. resurgent: (of ideas or beliefs) experiencing revival; surging again

s resurrect

revive

resuscitate

revive; bring back to life or consciousness; Ex. resuscitate the drowned child

retain

keep; maintain possession of; employ (esp. a lawyer or advisor); N. retainer: servant; fee paid to retain an advisor

retaliate

repay in kind (usually for bad treatment); V. retaliate

n retentive

holding; able to retain things (esp. facts in the mind); having a good memory

n reticent

inclined to silence; uncommunicative; reserved; Ex. He was reticent about the reasons; N. reticence

retinue

following; attendants

n retiring

shy and reserved (of a person); modest; Ex. her retiring personality

retort

quick sharp reply; V.

retract

withdraw; take back; draw back; Ex. retract a statement/an offer/claws; N. retraction; CF. retractile

n retrench

cut down; cut down expenses; economize

n retribution

deserved punishment for wrongdoing; punishment for offenses; compensation; vengeance; CF. pay back

retrieve

recover; put right; find and bring in; regain; Ex. retrieve the situation

n retroactive

taking effect before its enactment (as a law) or imposition (as a tax); (of a law) having effect on the past as well as the future

s enact

make (a bill) into law

n retrograde

go backwards; recede; degenerate; deteriorate; ADJ.

retrospective

looking back on the past; N. retrospection; V. retrospect

n revelry

boisterous merrymaking; V. revel: engage boisterous festivities; enjoy greatly; N: boisterous festivity or celebration

n reverberate

echo repeatedly; resound; Ex. The thunder reverberated across the valley.

reverent

respectful; worshipful; V. revere: regard with reverence; N. reverence: profound respect

s reverend

deserving reverence; N: priest

n reverie

daydream; abstracted musing

revert

relapse; backslide; turn back to; return to the former owner; N. reversion

s relapse

return to a former state (esp. after improvement); N.

s backslide

revert (to bad habits); N. reverter

n revile

attack with abusive language; vilify(slander)

revoke

cancel; retract; CF. irrevocable

n revulsion

sudden strong feeling of disgust; sudden violent change of feeling; negative reaction; Ex. revulsion from the scenes of torture

n rhapsodize

speak or write in an exaggeratedly enthusiastic manner; Ex. rhapsodize over the beauty of the scenery

s rhapsody

excessively enthusiastic expression of feeling; musical composition of irregular form (as if made up as one plays it)

n rhetoric

art of effective communication; art of using language effectively and persuasively; style of speaking or writing; grandiloquent language; Ex. political rhetoric; ADJ. rhetorical; CF. rhetorical question: question to which no answer is expected as ``Who knows it ?''

n ribald

marked by vulgar lewd humor; wanton; profane; N. ribaldry: ribald language or joke

n riddle

pierce with holes; permeate or spread throughout; Ex. The gunman riddled the car with bullets; Ex. The whole report is riddled with errors; N. large sieve (separating earth from stone)

n rider

amendment or clause added to a legislative bill

n rife

(of something bad) widespread; abundant; current

n rift

narrow opening in a large mass; break in a friendly relation; Ex. through a rift in the clouds; OP. reconcilation

n rig

fix or manipulate; manipulate dishonestly for personal gain; Ex. rig the election

s rig

arrangement of masts and sails; V: equip (a ship) with rigging; ADJ. rigging: ropes that hold up a ship's sails

rigid

hard and unbending; stiff and unyielding; fixed in behavior or views; strict; rigorous; Ex. rigid rule

rigor

severity; Ex. rigors of the Russian winter

n rile

irritate; vex; muddy

n riveting

holding one's attention; absorbing; engrossing

s rivet

metal pin used for fastening metal plates together; V: fasten with a rivet; engross

n rivulet

small stream; CF. rill < rivulet < river

robust

strong; vigorous

rococo

ornate; highly decorated; N. CF. 18th century

n roil

make liquids murky by stirring up sediment; disturb

n roseate

rosy; optimistic; Ex. roseate views

n roster

list (of names)

n rostrum

raised platform for speech-making; pulpit

s pulpit

raised platform used in preaching (in a church)

n rote

repetition; memorization through repetition without understanding; Ex. learn poetry by rote

n rotunda

circular building or hall covered with a dome

n rotundity

roundness; sonorousness of speech

s rotund

(of a person) fat and round

n rousing

lively; inducing excitement; stirring; V. rouse: waken; arouse from sleep or depression; excite; stir up

rout

put to rout; stampede; drive out; N: complete defeat and disorderly retreat

s stampede

sudden frenzied rush (of panic-stricken animals or people); V: participate in or cause stampede; Ex. stampede before the price rises

rubble

fragments (esp. from a destroyed building)

s mason

one who builds or works with stone or brick; N. masonry: work of a mason; stonework or brickwork

n rubric

title or heading (in red print); directions for religious ceremony; protocol

n ruddy

reddish; (of the face) reddish and healthy-looking

rudimentary

elementary; not developed; crude; N. rudiment: fundamental element or principle; Ex. rudiments of the language

n rue

regret; lament; mourn; Ex. He will rue the day; N. ADJ. rueful

n ruffian

violent scoundrel; bully

n ruminate

chew over and over (mentally or

s ruminant

animal that ruminates; ADJ.

rummage

ransack; thoroughly search

n runic

mysterious; set down in an ancient alphabet; N. rune: one of the letters of an alphabet used by ancient Germanic peoples (cut on stone or wood); magic charm

n ruse

trick to deceive; stratagem

rustic

pertaining to country people; unsophisticated; simple; crude; uncouth; (of furniture) rough with the bark left on; N. rural person; rustic person

rusticate

banish to the country; dwell in the country

ruthless

pitiless; merciless; cruel