Biology Final

What is a gene?

A segment of DNA that codes for protein.

What is a genome?

A collection of genes and DNA that make up an organism.

What is translation?

The linking of amino acids to form a protein. It reads mRNA strand at the ribosome.

How is recombinant DNA formed using plasmids and restriction enzymes?

Restriction enzymes cut DNA from and organism and put it in a plasmid. The plasmid is put in bacteria cells, the bacteria cloned, and finally are screened to see if they received the gene.

What is a bacterial transformation?

The taking up of DNA from the environment by bacteria cells.

What were the key procedures of the pGLO transformation?

The bacterial cells and plasmid DNA are mixed. Cells take up the plasmid. Cell and DNA mixture is plated on nutrient agar with an antibiotic. Only ones with the plasmid will grow and glow.

What is adaptation?

A change due to an environmental stimulus (adjustment).

What do the layers of the earth reveal?

Evidence for evolution. There is progressive development by layer of earth, meaning older species gave rise to newer species.

What is endosymbiosis?

The theory that bacteria became embedded within eukaryotic cells. In other words, mitochondria descended from bacteria.

What do retroviruses do?

They use RNA to produce DNA in a host cell.

Where is reverse transcriptase found and how is it used?

It is found in retroviruses and is used to convert RNA to DNA in host cells.

What are key nutrients for plant growth?

K, N, P, H20