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Quiz!
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About how big is the size of your heart? |
The size of your fist |
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Where on the heart do the blood vessels attach? |
The base |
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Where is the base of your heart? |
The top |
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Where is the apex of your heart? |
The bottom, pointed part |
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What is the covering of the heart? |
Pericardium |
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What are the 2 layers of pericardium that surround the heart? |
1) Parietal Pericardium |
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Which layer of the heart is closest to the heart? |
Visceral Pericardium |
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Which layer of the heart is like a sac that holds the heart? |
Parietal Pericardium |
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What is pericardial fluid? |
The fluid between the visceral and parietal pericardium |
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What is pericarditis? |
Inflammation of the pericardium |
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What is cardiac tamponade? |
Impact to the heart that causes blood to leave the heart and seep into the pericardial sac |
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What is the treatment for cardiac tamponade? |
To cut into the chest and pericardial sac to drain the blood |
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What are the 3 layers of the heart? |
1) Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium) |
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Which layer of the heart is composed of fat and major coronary blood vessels? |
Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium) |
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Which layer of the heart is composed of heart muscle and is very rich in blood vessels & lymph capillaries? |
Myocardium |
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Which layer of the heart removes waste quickly? |
Myocardium |
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What is Ischemia? |
Low oxygen to the tissue |
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What is Angina Pectoris? |
Chest pain caused by Ischemia (When the heart isn't getting enough Oxygen and is cramping up) |
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What is Myocardial Infarction? |
Death of heart muscle due to Ischemia |
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Which layer of the heart is composed of tough connective tissue? |
Endocardium |
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Why layer of the heart has lines of chambers and makes up the valves? |
Endocardium |
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Why doesn't the Endocardium have a lot of blood vessels? |
It doesn't need blood vessels since the chambers are filled with blood. |
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What is endocarditis? |
When an infection of the blood causes an infection in the heart, that leads to inflammation on the endocardium |
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What are the atria? |
The 2 upper chambers of the heart |
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What are the names of the muscles located in the atria? |
Pectinate Muscles |
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What is the Fossa Ovalis located? |
Atria |
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Where does the Right Atrium receive blood from? |
Superior & Inferior Vena Cavae, and the Coronary Sinus |
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Where does the Left Atrium receive blood from? |
The 4 Pulmonary Veins |
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What are the two lower, muscular chambers of the heart? |
The Ventricles |
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Where does the right ventricle receive blood from? |
Right Atrium and Tricuspid Valve |
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Where does the right ventricle pump blood to? |
The Pulmonary Valve, pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary artery |
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Where does the left ventricle receive blood from? |
The left atrium and bicupsid valve |
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Where does the left ventricle pump blood to? |
Aortic valve, Aorta |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does blood go after it leaves the systemic circuit? |
Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the superior and inferior vena cava? |
The Systemic Circuit |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does blood go after it leave the superior and inferior vena cavae? |
Right Atrium |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the right atrium? |
Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the tricuspid valve? |
Right Ventricle |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the right ventricle? |
Tricuspid Valve |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the right ventricle? |
Pulmonary Valve |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the pulmonary valve? |
Right Ventricle |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the pulmonary valve? |
Pulmonary Artery |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the Pulmonary Artery? |
Pulmonary Valve |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the pulmonary artery? |
Lungs |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the lungs? |
Pulmonary Artery |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the lungs? |
Pulmonary Veins |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the pulmonary veins? |
Lungs |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the pulmonary veins? |
Left Atrium |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the left atrium? |
Pulmonary Veins |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the left atrium? |
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood go before it enters the bicuspid (mitral) valve? |
Left Atrium |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the bicuspid (mitral) valve? |
Left Ventricle |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the left ventricle? |
Bicuspid (mitral) valve |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does blood go after it leaves the left ventricle? |
Aortic Valve |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the aortic valve? |
Left Ventricle |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the aortic valve? |
Aorta |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the Aorta? |
Aortic Valve |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the aorta? |
Body |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the body? |
Aorta |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the body? |
Systemic Circuit |
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In the order of blood flow through the heart, where is the blood before it enters the systemic circuit? |
Body |
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Where in the heart is the Circumflex Artery? |
In the Walls of the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle |
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Where, in the heart, is the Anterior Interventricular (Descending) Artery? |
In the Ventricular Walls |
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Where, in the heart, is the Posterior Interventricular (Descending) Artery? |
In the Ventricular Walls |
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Where, in the heart, is the Marginal Artery? |
In the walls of the right atrium and right ventricle |
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What are the 2 left Coronary Arteries? |
1) Circumflex Artery |
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What are the 2 right Coronary Arteries? |
1) Posterior Interventricular (Descending) Artery |
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What are the 3 Coronary Veins? |
1) Great Cardiac Vein |
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What are the 6 Components of Coronary Circulation? |
1) Left Coronary Artery |
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What are the 2 heart valve types? |
1) Atrioventricular Valves |
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What are the 2 Atrioventricular Valves? |
1) Tricuspid Valve |
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How many flaps (cusps) does the tricuspid valve have? |
Three |
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How many flaps (cusps) does the bicuspid valve have? |
Two |
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What is a prolapsed valve? |
A valve that has moved out of place |
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Which valve takes the most beating? |
Bicuspid Valve |
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What do the papillary muscles do? |
Hold the chordae tendineae |
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What are the chordae tendineae? |
Chords in the bicuspid valve |
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What are the 2 Semilunar valves? |
1) Pulmonary Valve |
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What does functional syncytium mean for the heart? |
It means the that heart muscles contract as one single unit |
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What is unique about some cardiac muscle cells? |
Some are self-excitable |
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How does the heart differ from a leg muscle? |
If the heart does not get enough oxygen, it will die. If a skeletal muscle does not get enough oxygen, it will cramp. |
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What type of respiration does the heart use to get oxygen? |
Aerobic |
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Where is the Sinoatrial Node located? |
In the posterior wall of the atrium, near the coronary sinus |
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What does the sinoatrial node do? |
Sends out an impulse to contract atria and to the AV node |
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Where is the Atrioventricular Node located? |
In the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum |
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What does the AV node do? |
Relays impulse from the SA node to the AV bundle |
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Where is the Atrioventricular Bundle located? |
In the Interventricular Septum |
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What does the AV Bundle do? |
Carries impulses to the Perkinje fibers |
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What doe the Perkinje fibers do? |
Stimulates the myocardium to contract upward |
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What does the sympathetic nervous system do to the SA and/or AV nodes? |
Stimulate it |
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What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the SA node? |
Inhibit It |
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What is the P-wave? |
SA node sends impulse for the atria to contract |
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What is the QRS complex? |
Ventricles contract |
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What is the T-wave? |
When the ventricles repolarize |
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What is tachycardia? |
When the entire heart is beating too fast |
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What is bradycardia? |
When the entire heart is beating too slow |
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What is atrial/ventricular flutter? |
When the atria/ventricles are beating too fast |
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What is fibrillation? |
When the heart is shaking, as opposed to contracting |
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What is a 1st Degree AV Block? |
When there is a delay between the atria contracting and the ventricles contracting |
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What is a 2nd Degree AV Block? |
When the AV node misses a beat, meaning the ventricles don't always beat |
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What is a 3rd Degree AV Block? |
When the AV node is non-functioning and the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other |
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What causes the "lub-dup" sound of the heart? |
The valves closing |
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What is a systole? |
Contraction |
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What is a diastole? |
Relaxation |
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When do the ventricles fill with blood? |
Mid-to-late diastole |
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What is the isovolumetic contraction phase? |
When pressure is building because ventricles are contracting and all valves are closed |
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What is the ventricular ejection phase? |
When the Semilunar Valves are open |
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What are the 3 steps to Ventricular Systole? |
1) Isovolumetric Contraction Phase |
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What are the 4 steps to Isovolumetric Relaxation? |
1) Ventricles relax |
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What is the Dicrotic Notch? |
A dip in the aorta blood pressure caused by the aortic valve closing |
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What is cardiac output? |
The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute |
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What is stroke volume? |
The amount of blood pumped by one ventricle per beat |
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How do you calculate cardiac output? |
CO=HRxSV |
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What is the average Cardiac Output? |
5 Liters/minute |
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What is cardiac reserve? |
The difference between maximum cardiac output and minimum cardiac output |
