Study
Review All
Quiz!
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Geography |
The study of people, their environment & their resources |
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5 themes |
1. Location (Long, Lat) |
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Latitude |
measure distanced north or south of the equator |
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Longitude |
measure distanced east of west of the prime meridian |
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Equator |
Divides the earth into 2 halves called hemisphere |
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Prime Meridian |
The imaginary line that divides the earth into eastern & weatern hemipsheres |
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Place |
How geographers describe places in terms of their physical and human characteristics |
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Physical Characteristics |
Landforms, climate, soil and animal life |
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Human Characteristics |
People's activities, means of transportation, religion, and languages |
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Laws |
Reflect norms by providing penalties for violations of norms |
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Folkways |
ordinary rules of daily behavior which are accepted by members of a society |
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Norms |
Beliefs that influence our actions and outward behavior |
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Kinship |
A set of rules determining who one's relatives are |
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Patrilineal Kinship |
Descent traced through male's side of family |
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Matrilineal |
Descent traced through female's side of family |
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Monogamy |
1 wife |
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Polygamy |
More than one wife |
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Patriarchal |
Eldest male in family has most authority |
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Martriarchal |
Eldest female in family has most authority |
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Social Stratification |
The ranking of people into groups |
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Class system |
Some advancement is possible |
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Caste System |
No advancement is possible (Hindu) |
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Language |
Some have disapeared |
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Adornment |
Jewelry, Tatoos |
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Monoytheistic |
Belief in one god |
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Polytheistic |
Belief in many gods |
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Map Projections |
Ways of showering the curved earth on a flat surface |
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How many map projections are there? |
4 |
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Mercator |
(+) Shows direction and gives an accurate view of land areas near the equator |
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Interrupted |
(+) Shows the correct sizes & shapes of landmasses by cutting out parts of oceans |
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Peters |
(+) Shows the correct areas of land masses and oceans. Directions are accurate |
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Robinson |
(+) Shows the correct sizes & shapes of most landmasses |
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Political Maps |
Shows the borders that divide the nations form one another |
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Physical Map |
Shows features such as mountains, lakes and rivers |
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Topography |
Physical features of a place or region |
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Mountains |
High, steep, rugged land that rises above the surrounding land |
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Elevation |
The height about sea level. Influence Climate |
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Hills |
Areas of raised land, but lower & less steep than mountains |
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Plains |
Large areas of fairly level or gently rolling land |
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Plateaus |
High, flat or gently rolling land |
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Climate |
The average weather a place has changed over 20-30 years |
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Oceans |
Locations near oceans also affects climate |
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Culture |
All the things that make up a people's entire way of life |
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Language |
Communicates thoughts, feelings & knowledge |
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Religion |
Helps answer basic questions about the meanings & purpose of life |
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Monotheism |
One God |
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Polytheism |
More than one god |
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Arts and Literature |
Teaches about a cultures values |
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Folk Tales |
Teaches values |
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Social Classes |
Rank people in order of status. Based on wealth, occupation, education, and ancestry |
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Nuclear Family |
Made up of a mother, father, & children. Doesn't need to be large of perform tasks |
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Extended Family |
Made up of parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, & cousins. May include several generations |
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Matriarchal (females) & Patriarchal (Males) |
The person who has authority in a family |
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Social Organizations |
Family Patterns |
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Government |
The person/people who hold power in a society. Society's laws & political instructions. |
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Economic Systems |
How people use limited resources to satisfy theirs wants and needs |
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Traditional |
People produce most of what they need to survive. |
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Market Economy |
People buy & sell goods & services |
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Command Economy |
Government controls what & how goods are produced and what they cost |
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Mixed Economy |
Individuals make some economic decisions and the gov. makes others. (this is what the USA does. Very popular) |
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Causes of Cultural Change |
Changing environment |
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Diffusion |
The movement of customs or ideas form one place to another |
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Diffusion occurs...? |
through peaceful means such as trade or through war |
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tradition & Change |
For thousands of years cultures changed slowly. Recent technology has quickened the pace of change |
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Ethnocentrism |
Judge other cultures by the standards of your own culture |
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Racism |
The belief that one racial group is naturally superior to another |
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Racism results |
When groups compete for food, land, money, & social power |
