ap euro

conciliar movement

attempt to get the church ruled by everyone, not just the pope

Marsiglio of Padua (b. 1270, d. 1342) = 'Defender of the Peace,' which claimed church subordinate to the state

1409 = council at Pisa
1414-8 = council at Constance
unites Church under one pope Martin V; no reform; he rejects conciliar

renaissance popes

after 1447 = popes support arts

Sixtus IV (1471-84) = starts Sistine Chapel
Julius II (1503-13) = employs Michelangelo

Hundred Years' War

1337-1453
French win war by attrition; English win battles by French chivalrous excess

Crecy (1346)
Poitiers (1356)
Agincourt (1415)

Joan of Arc (1412-1431) gets Charles VII crowned king at Rheims

results of the hundred years' war

England lost Continent
French farmland devastated
Heavy taxation necessary
Nationalism

England = King, in calling Parliament in order to raise taxes, gives more power to nobility, merchants

Richard II deposed, 1399

War of the Roses (1450-1485)
Lancastrians v. Yorkists

France = averts king's impotence; he has power to raise gaboulle (salt tax) and taille (nat'l tax) and has royal standing army

Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)
Francois Villon (1431-1463)