Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Potassium
K+ |
3.5 to 5.0
|
|
|
hypokalemia s/s
|
anorexia, n/v, muscle weakness, paresthesias, dysrhythmias, inc sensitivity to dig
|
|
|
hypokalemia implementations
|
oral K+ supplements (dilute w/OJ)
increase in raisins, bananas, apricots, oranges, beans, potatoes, IV supplements (NEVER IV PUSH K+) |
|
|
hyperkalemia s/s
|
EKG changes, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, muscle weakness, paralysis, nausea, diarrhea
|
|
|
hyperkalemia implementations
|
restrict diet, kayexalate (diarrhea), Calcium Gluconate (ER), IV admin of regular insulin & dextrose, dialysis, diuretics
|
|
|
Sodium
Na+ |
135 to 145
|
|
|
Hyponatremia s/s
|
nausea, muscle cramps, Increase ICP, confusion, muscular twitching, convulsions
|
|
|
Hyponatremia implementations
|
Oral admin (beef broth, tomato juice), IV LR or 0.9%NaCl, Water restriction (safest), INO, Daily Weights
|
|
|
Hypernatremia s/s
|
elevated temp, weakness, disorientation, delusions/hallucinations, thirst, dry swollen tongue, sticky mucous membranes, hypotension, tachycardia
|
|
|
hypernatremia implementation
|
IV admin of hypotonic (0.3%NaCl, 0.45%NaCl, D5W), Oral fluids regularly, dec Na in diet, daily weights
|
|
|
Calcium
Ca++ |
9.0 to 10.5
|
|
|
Hypocalcemia s/s
|
tetany (trousseau's and chvosteks), seizures, confusion, paresthesia, irritability
|
|
|
Hypocalcemia implementation
|
Calcium gluconate (PO/IV), caution with pts on dig, seizure precautions, Airway (laryngeal stridor), safety (confusion), Inc diet calcium, exercise
|
|
|
Hypercalcemia s/s
|
sedative effect on CNS and peripheral nervous system, muscle weakness, lack of coordination, constipation, abd pn, distension, confusion, Dec/absent DTRs, dysrhythmias
|
|
|
Hypercalcemia implementation
|
IV 0.45%NaCl or 0.9%NaCl, encourage fluids, lasix, calcitonin, Mobilization, restrict diet (Ca), Inc PO fluid, maintain acidic urine
|
|
|
Magnesium
Mg++ |
1.5 to 2.5
|
|
|
hypomagnesemia s/s
|
increased neuromuscular irritability, tremors, tetany, seizures, dysrhythmias, depression, confusion, dysphagia
|
|
|
hypomagnesemia implementation
|
INC diet (green veg, nuts, bananas, oranges, peanut butter, choc), Mag Sulfate IV, Monitor cardiac rhythms & reflexes, Resp status, calcium to counteract myocardial dysfxn from mg toxicity, monitor for dig toxicity, seizure precautions, safety, swallow eval before PO
|
|
|
hypermagnesemia s/s
|
depresses CNS, dec cardiac impulse transmission, hypotension, facial flushing, muscle weakness, absent DTRs, paralysis, shallow respirations
|
|
|
hypermagnesemia implementations
|
discontinue PO/IV mag, support ventilation, IV Calcium gluconate, monitor rhythm
|
|
|
RBC's
|
Man 4.6 to 6.2
Woman 4.2 to 5.4 |
|
|
WBC
|
5 to 10
|
|
|
HGB
|
man 13 to 18
woman 12 to 16 |
|
|
HCT
|
man 42 to 50%
woman 40 to 48% |
|
|
PTT
Heparin |
20 to 39 seconds
1.5 to 2.5 times normal |
|
|
PT
Coumandin |
9.5 to 12.0 seconds
1.5 to 2.5 times normal |
|
|
Platelets
|
100k to 400k
|
|
|
Albumin
|
3.5 to 5.5
|
|
|
BUN
|
7 to 18
over 60 years 8 to 20 |
|
|
ABG's
|
pH 7.35 to 7.45
CO2 35 to 45 HCO3 22 to 26 |
|
|
Addison's Disease s/s
|
fatigue, weakness, dehydration, hypoTN, eternal tan, dec resistance to stress, alopecia, wt loss, pathological fractures
|
|
|
Addison's Disease tx
|
high protein, high carbs, high sodium, low potassium; medic bracelet; infection!; hypoglycemia, hyponatremia;
|
|
|
Addisonian Crisis
|
n/v, ab pn, fever, extreme weakness, severe hypoglycemia & dehydration (acute), bp falls, shock/coma/death
|
|
|
Addisonian Crisis TX
|
IV NaCl, vasopressors, absolute rest, VS
|
|
|
Cushing's Syndrome s/s
|
inc BP, purple striae, hirsutism, emaciation, inc infection, obesity (trunk), blood sugar imbalance
|
|
|
Cushing's Syndrome TX
|
high protein, low carb, high potassium, low sodium, low calorie, prevent infection, check glucose levels, INO
|
|
|
Lispro (Humalog) &
Aspart (NovoLog) Rapid-Acting |
Onset 5 to 15 min
Adverse Rxn Midmorning |
|
|
Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R, Iletin II Regular)
Short Acting |
Onset 30 to 60 min
Ad Rxn Early evening |
|
|
Isophane (NPH)
Lente Intermediate Acting |
Onset 2 to 4 hours
Ad Rxn Early Evening |
|
|
Ultralente
Long Acting |
Onset 6 to 8 hours
Ad Rxn early morning next day |
|
|
Glargine (Lantus)
Very long acting |
Onset 1 hour
(no ad rxn) works for 24 hours! |
|
|
MAOI's
|
Phenelzine sulfate (Nardil)
Isocarboxazid (Parnate) avoid tyramine (aged cheese, yogurt, yeast, beer, wine, sour cream, pickles) |
|
|
PVC tx
|
Lidocaine
procainamide (also PAC's) |
|
|
Arrhythmias
atrial or ventricular |
Quinidine (A/V)
Betapace (Ventricular) |
|
|
Afib
|
Aminodarone
|
|
|
Aminoglycosides
|
Gentamicin
neomycin streptomycin tobramycin |
|
|
Cephalosporins
|
Ceflacor (Ceclor)
Cefazolin (Ancef) Cephalexin (Keflex) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) |
|
|
Fluoroquinolones
|
Ciprofloxacin
norfloxacin |
|
|
Glycopeptides (antibiotic)
|
Vancomycin
|
|
|
Lycosamides
|
clindamycin HCl (Cleocin)
|
|
|
Macrolide
|
erythromycin (Erythrocin)
azethromycin (Zithromax) |
|
|
Penicillins
|
amoxicillin
ampicillin methicillin penicillin G penicillin V |
|
|
sulfonamides
|
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (bactrim, septra)
|
|
|
tetracyclines
|
Vibramycin, Minocin, Panmycin
|
|
|
anticonvulsants
|
diazepam (Valium), Dilantin, phenobarbital (Luminal), Mag Sulfate, valproic acid (Depakote), Tegretol, Neurontin, Lamictal, Topamax
|
|
|
ACE Inhibitors
|
captopril (Capoten)
enalapril (Vasotec) lisinopril (Zestril, Prinvil) |
|
|
Beta Blockers
|
atenolol (Tenormin)
propanolol (Inderal) metoprolol (Lopressor) |
|
|
Calcium channel blockers
|
nifedipine (Procardia)
verapamil (Calan) diltiazem (Cardizem) |
|
|
centrally acting alpha adrenergics
|
clonidine (Catapres)
methyldopa (Aldomet) |
|
|
vasodilators
|
hydralazine (Apresoline)
|
