Disease

Health

physical, mental, social well-being

Disease

abnormality in the functions that threatens well-being

Pathology

the study of disease

Diagnoses

idnetifying a disease based on its signs and symptoms

Signs

objective abnormalities that can be seen or measured by someone other than patient

Symptoms

subjective abnormalities felt and relayed by the patient

Syndrome

a collection of signs&symptoms, ususally with a common cause, that presents with a clear picture of a pathological description

Acute

when s/s appears for a diesease suddenly, persist for a short period of time, then disappear

Chronic

develops slowly and then lasts for a long time

Subacute

disease with characteristics somewhere btwn acute and chronic

Etiology

the study of all factors involved in causing a disease

Idiopathic

disease with an unknown cause

Communicable

diseases that can be transmitted from 1 person to another
Exs: HIV, AIDS, STDS, cold

Pathogenisis

the pattern of a diseases development

Latent

hidden stage(incubation)

Convalescence

recovery, body systems return to normal

Remission

temporary reversal that seems to be recovery

Incubation

infectious disease

Remission

oppostite of chronic(develops fast, lasts for short time)

remission lasts-curd-like cancer

PATTERNS OF DISEASE

-endemic
-epidemic
-pandemics

Epidemlology

the study of the occurance, distribution and transmission of diseases in humans

Endemic

a disease that is native to a local region
EX: rocky mtn fever

Epidemic

when a disease spreads to many people at the same time
EX: black plague

Pandemics

epidemics that affect large geographic regions, may spread throughout world
EX: air travel

Pathophysiology

organized study of the underlying physiological processes associated with disease

Pathophysiologists

study the mechanic of the disease

MECHANISMS OF DISEASE

1. gentic
2. pathogenic organisms
3. tumors and cancer
4. physical and chemical agents
5. malnutrition
6. autoimmunity
7. inflammation
8. degeneration

Genetic mechanisms

altered or mutated genes can cause adnormal proteins to be made resulting in the absense of an essential function

Pathogenic organisims

parasited or other organisms that invade us

tumors and cancer

abnormal tissue growth

Physical and chemical agents

toxic chemicals- drugs/alcohol

Malnutrition

Insufficent of inbalanced intake of nutrients

Autoimmunity

diseases resulting from the body attacking itself
Exs: lapus, rheumatoid arthritis

Inflammation

the body's response characterized by damaging normal tissue when it occurse at inappropriate times or prolonged periods

Degeneration

the breaking down of tissues

RISK FACTORS

predisposing conditons which make the development of a disease more likely to occur

Genetic Factors

inherited traits, gene pool (skin cancer, sickle cell)

Age

middle ear infections in infants based on ear structure

Lifestyle

diet, exercise, behavior

Stress

physical, psychological and emotional
Ex's: high blood pressure, ulcers

Enviromental Factors

climate, pollution, sun

Preexisting Factors

a primary condition can put a person at risk for developing a secondary condition
Ex: blisters-unconverd-bacteria

PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS

-microscropic or microbes
1. bacteria
2. fungi
3. protoza
4. viruses

Viruses

-Intracellular parasites- consist of nucleic acid w/ protein coat
-Only has DNA or RNA-not both
-Invades host cell and pirate orangelles and raw material
-Classified by shape, nucleic acid type and method of reproduction
-Not living
-Multiply readily
-Many diff. types