Vertebral Column Muscles

Rectus Abdominis

Origin (inferior): Superior surface of pubis body
Insertion (superior): costal cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum
Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves
Action: Flexion, compresses abdomen

Externam Abdominal Oblique

Origin: Ribs 5-12
Insertion: Linea alba and iliac crest
Innervation: Intercostal
Action: Flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation, compresses abdomen

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia and iliac crest
Insertion: Ribs 9-12, linea alba
Innervation: Intercostal
Action: Flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation, compresses abdomen

Transverse Abdominis

Origin: lumbodorsal fascia, iliac crest

Insertion: Linea alba

Innervation: Intercostal

Action: Compresses Abdomen

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
Innervation: Accessory (CN XI) and cervical spinal nerves
Action: Flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation

Platysma

The ‘Eeek’ muscle

Scalenes

Anterior
middle
Posterior

Function: lateral flexion, stabilization.

Psoas Major

Origin: Transverse processes of T12-L5

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Innervation: L2-L4

Action: Hip flexion, anterior tilt of pelvis = lordosis of lumbar vertebrae.

Erector Spinae Muscle Group

Iliocostalis (lateral)
cervicis
thoracis
lumborum
Longissimus (middle)
capitis
cervicis
thoracis
Spinalis (medial)
cervicis
thoracis
Sacropinalis – longissimus and iliocostalis in lumbar region.

Innervation: Accessory N. (CN XI)

Action: Extension & hyperextension, ipsilateral lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation

Semispinalis - capitis, cervicis, thoracis

Origin: capitis - transverse processes of cervical vertebrae, cervicis and thoracis- transverse processes of T1-T10
Insertion: capitis - occipital bone, cervicis and thoracis spinous processes C2-T4.
Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves.
Action: extension,ipsilateral lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation.

Splenius - capitis, cervicis

Origin:Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Mastoid process, occipital bone, &cervical vertebrae
Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves
Action: Extension, ipsilateral lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation.

Quadratus Lumborum

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertion: 12th rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.

Innervation: Thoracic and Lumbar spinal n.

Action: Ipsilateral lateral flexion. Depress ribs.

Other Back Muscles

Rotators
Multifidus
Levator costa
Intertransversarius
Interspinalis

Sternum Anatomy

Manubrium
Clavicular notches
Facet for 1st rib
Demifacet for 2nd rib
Body
Demifacet for 2nd rib
Facets for ribs 3-7
Xiphoid process

Costochondral & Sternocostal Joints

Costochondral:
ribs 1-10
Cartilaginous jts

Sternocostal:
rib 1 - cartilaginous
ribs 2-7 - synovial

Respiratory Muscles

Inspiration
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Pectoralis minor
Serratus Anterior

Expiration:
Passive recoil of elastic lungs along with abdominal pressure.
Internal intercostals
Abdominal muscles

Costovertebral Joints

Ribs 1-10, bodies & transverse processes (40)
Ribs 11-12, bodies (4)

Thoracic Cage

Twelve Pairs of ribs
1-7 true ribs
8-12 false ribs
11-12 floating ribs

Vertebral Ligaments

Anterior longitudinal – anterior surface of vertebrae- limit extensive hyperext
Posterior longitudinal – limit excess flexion
Supraspinous (T1 – sacrum) – along spinous process, thicker,
Ligamentum flavum –along lamina/roof
Interspinous-btwn spines,spinous process
Intertransverse – btwn transverse process
Ligamentum nuchae (C1-C7) -