L27 & L28: Blood Pressure Regulation

CO * TPR =

MAP
or
SV * HR * TPR

true or false
Arterial blood pressure may be regulated via changes in CO, TPR, and/or blood volume.

true

The Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the CNS has what three characteristics?

-sensory nucleus in the dorsomedial part of the brainstem
-receives most afferent information
-acts as integrator

The two cardiovascular centers in the CNS are _______ & _______.

vasomotor center & cardiac center

The _______ center regulates efferent sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity to peripheral resistance vessels.

vasomotor

The _______ center regulates efferent vagal and sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity to the heart.

cardiac

The _______ & the _______ are the rapid controllers.

arterial baroreceptors & peripheral chemoreceptors

The main function of the _______ is the short term regulation of arterial blood pressure.

baroreceptors

The baroreceptors are located in the _______ & the _______.

aorta & carotid sinus

The _______ in the aorta or carotid sinus determines the amount of stretch of the baroreceptors.

mean pressure

The greater the pulse pressure the ______ the nerve activity at any mean pressure.

greater

In the neural pathway, afferent input from the baroreceptor travels to the brainstem via the _______ & _______.

vagus & glossopharyngeal nerves

Efferent output from the CNS is by the _______ or _______.

vagus or sympathetic nerves

Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the _______.

carotid bodies

_______ receive the highest blood flow per unit tissue in the body.

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Peripheral chemoreceptors are acitvated by _____, _____, & _____.

hypoxia, hypercapnia, & acidosis

Peripheral chemoreceptor afferent information is integrated in the _______ center of the brainstem - NTS.

respiratory

The four intermediate controllers are:

-capillary fluid shift
-Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
-Vasopressin
-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Renin release is stimulated by a _______, _______, or _______.

-decrese in blood pressure
-reduced sodium flux
-sympathetic stimulation

Renin cleaves _______ from _______.

angiotensin from angiotensinogen (a plasma globulin

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts _______ to _______.

angiotensin I
angiotensin II

_____ inhibits renin, vasopressin and aldosterone secretion.

ANP