Fluids & Electrolytes

Normal range for Sodium

135 - 145 mEq/L

Common sources of Sodium

Lunch meat, processed foods, table salt, cheese, milk, bread

Normal range for Potassium

3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L

Common sources of Potassium

Spinach, tomatoes, bananas, potatoes, pork, beef, veal, fish

Normal range for Calcium

8.6 - 10.0 mg/dL

Common sources for Calcium

Dairy, sardines, collard greens, spinach

Normal range for Magnesium

1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL

Common sources for Magnesium

green leafy vegetables, milk, oatmeal, peanut butter, peas, pork, beef, chicken, canned white tuna

Normal range for Phosphorus

2.7 - 4.5 mg/dL

Common sources for Phosphorus

Fish, organ meats, nuts, pork, beef, chicken, whole-grains

Electrocardiographic changes related to hypocalcemia

Prolonged ST interval
Prolonged QT interval

Electrocardiographic changes related to hypercalcemia

Shortened ST segment
Widened T wave

Electrocardiographic changes related to hypokalemia

ST depression
Shallow, flat or inverted T wave
Prominent U wave

Electrocardiographic changes related to hyperkalemia

Tall peaked T waves
Flat P waves
Widened QRS complex
Prolonged PR interval

Electrocardiographic changes related to hypomagnesemia

Tall T waves
Depressed ST segment

Electrocardiographic changes related to hypermagnesemia

Prolonged PR interval
Widened QRS complex