L31: Heart Failure and Circulatory Shock

________ is the failure of the cardiovascular system to adequately perfuse vital organs and cells of the body.

circulatory failure

_______ is the inability of the heart to pump forward enough blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body or the ability to do so only at an abnormally elevated filling pressure.

congestive heart failure (CHF)

CHF is frequently caused by a defect in _______.

myocardial contraction

What are the three main causes of heart failure?

-hemodynamic overload
-inadequate coronary flow
-cardiomyopathy

What are six predisposing factors of heart failure?

-coronary heart disease
-hypertension
-obesity
-cigarette smoking
-diabetes
-valvular heart disease

______ failure is problems resulting from reduced cardiac output and the subsequent fall in arterial pressure.

forward

______ failure leads to underperfused tissues, which leads to hypoxia and altered metabolism.

forward

______ failure is problems from reduced ability to transfer blood from the venous circulation to the arterial circulation.

backward

______ failure leads to pulmonary and system congestion.

backward

______ is the shortness of breath.

dyspnea

______ is discomfort in breathing, especially lying down.

orthopnea

______ is shortness of breath that appears suddenly at night, due to reabsorption of interstitial fluid while lying down.

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

List the six symptoms of heart failure discussed.

-dyspnea
-orthopnea
-paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
-fatigue
-peripheral edema
-right upper quadrant discomfort

______ is inadequate blood flow to peripheral tissues which leads to tissue damage.

hypovolemic shock