Bio cards 3

Granum, grana

Stacks of thylakoids

Thylakoids

Photosynthetic membranes, organizes chlorophyll and other pigments into clusters

Photosystems

Clusters of pigments

Stroma

Where the Calvin Cycle takes place, region of thylakoid membranes

NADP+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Accepts and holds energy, which converts it to NADPH, which help build molecules, holds less energy

NADPH

Carries high-energy electrons to help build molecules, holds more energy

Light-dependent reactions

Produce oxygen and converts ADP to ATP and NADP+ to NADPH

ATP synthase

A protein in the cell membrane that lets H+ ions pass through, creates ATP

Calvin Cycle

Uses ATP and NADPH to make high-energy sugars, uses the carbon from carbon dioxide, light is not needed

Photosystem 2

Uses light to break up water molecules, which become hydrogen ions, oxygen, and energized electrons

Electron Transport Chain

Electrons from photosystem 2 move through the electron transport chain to the photosystem 1

Photosystem 1

Energizes the electrons that came from photosystem 2

Hydrogen Ion Movement

Fills with positive hydrogen ions, makes the outside negative and the inside positive

ATP Formation

Converts the ADP to ATP