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The organs of the digestive system is divided into 2 major groups: |
1. The alimentary canal(Gastrointestinal tract) 2. Accessory digestive organs |
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The organs of the alimentary canal(Gastrointestinal tract) are: |
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine. |
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The Accessory digestive organs consist of: |
teeth, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, & gallbladder |
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The alimentary canal walls have four tunics (layers): |
1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis Externa 4. Serosa or adventia |
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Mucosa (4) |
Has 3 sublayers 1. Surface epithelium (simple columnar) 2. Lamina propria (areolar connective tissue) 3. Muscularis mucosae (layer of smooth muscle fiber that enable movements of mucosa locally) Functions in secretion of enzymes, mucus, hormones, etc., absorption of digested foodstuffs and protection of bacterial invasion |
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Submucosa (4) |
-Dense connective tissue -contain blood & lymphatic vessels, scattered lymphatic follicles and nerve fibers. -intrinsic nerve supply is submucosal plexus -functions in nutrition and protection. |
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Muscularis externa (4) |
-bilayer of smooth muscle -inner layer runs circularly and the outer layer runs longitudinally -intrinsic nerve supply is called myenteric plexus -this plexus is the regulator of GI motility |
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Serosa or Adventia (4) |
-the outermost layer (aka visceral peritoneum) -in areas outside of the abdominopelvic cavity, serosa is replaced by adventia (fibrous connective tissue) Ex. esophagus -the serosa functions in reducing friction. -the adventia functions in anchoring and protects the surrounding organ. |
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The small intestine has 3 subdivisions: |
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum |
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The large intestine has the following subdivisions: |
1.The colons (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid) 2. Cecum 3. Vermiform Appendix 4. Rectum 5. Anal canal The large intestine functions in propelling feces toward the anus and eliminating it from the body. |
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Dental formula for deciduous teeth: |
2I,1C,0P,2M |
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Dental formula for permanent teeth: |
2I,1C,2P,3M |
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Teeth are classified as: |
1. Incisors 2. Canines (eye teeth) 3. Premolars (bicuspids) 4. Molars |
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Salivary gland Parotid Gland |
Secretes mainly serous |
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Salivary Gland Submandibular Gland |
produces both mucin (a viscous glycoprotein in saliva) & serous |
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Salivary Gland Sublingual Gland |
produces mostly mucin |
