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Quiz!
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All or None |
The weakest stimulus capable of producing a response produces the maximum response contraction in cardiac and skeletal muscle and nerves. *Techniques do not have to be intense to produce response...just enough sensory stimulation to produce response. |
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Bell's Law |
Anterior spinal nerve roots are motor and posterior nerve roots are sensory. *Massage along spine is strong sensory stimulation |
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Law of Facilitation |
When an impulse has passed through a certain set of neurons to the exclusion of others one time, it will tend to take the same course in the future. Each time this happens, resistance lessens. (Neurological loop) *Body likes sameness/patterns. Once pattern is established less stimulation is required for response. |
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Hooke's Law |
The stress used to stretch or compress a body is proportional to the strain experienced, as long as the elastic limits of the body have not been exceeded *Methods that lengthen tissue need to be intense enough to match existing shortening but not exceed it |
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Law of Specificity of Nervous Energy |
Excitation of a receptor always gives rise to the same sensation regardless of the nature of the stimulus. *Whatever the method used, if a sensory receptor is activated, it will respond in a specific way. |
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Weber's Law |
The increase in stimulus necessary to produce the smallest perceptible increase in sensation bears a constant ratio to the strength of the stimulus already acting. (1/40th Rule) *For a massage method to change sensory perception, the intensity must match and then just exceed existing sensation |
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Hilton's Law |
A nerve trunk that supplies a joint also supplies the muscles of the joint and the skin over the insertion of such muscles. *Difficult to figure out if pain is from joint itself, the muscles around joint, or the skin over a joint. Stimulation of all areas in turn affects each part. |
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Pfluger's Laws |
Law of Unilaterality Law of Symmetry Law of Intensity Law of Radiation Law of Generalization |
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Law of Unilaterality |
If a mild irritation is applied to one or more sensory nerves, movement will take place on one side only, and only on the side that has been irritated. *Light stimulation remains fairly localized in response to massage |
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Law of Symmetry |
If the stimulation is sufficiently increased, motor reaction is manifested not only by the irritated side, but also in similar muscles on the opposite side of the body *By using increasing levels of massage intensity, a bilateral effect can be created even if massaging only one side of the body. Useful for massaging painful areas as painful side is addressed without direct contact |
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Law of Intensity |
Reflex movements are usually more intense on the side of the irritation; at times the movements of the opposite side equal the movements in intensity, but they are usually less pronounced *Implication same as Law of Symmetry |
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Law of Radiation |
If the excitation continues to increase, it is propagated upward, and the reactions take place through centrifugal nerves coming from the cord segments up higher *Implications same as Law of Symmetry |
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Law of Generalization |
When the irritation becomes very intense, it is propagated in the medulla oblongata, which becomes a focus from which stimuli radiate to all parts of the cord, causing a general contraction of all muscles in the body. *Needs to be avoided if possible. Important to keep invasive measures (frictioning, etc) below intensity levels that cause a general body response. |
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Arndt-Schultz Law |
Weak stimuli activate physiologic processes; very strong stimuli inhibit them *To encourage specific response use gentler methods. To shut off response, use deeper methods |
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Cannon's Law of Denervation |
Autonomic effectors that separate (partially or fully) from nerve connections become supersensitive. Involves injured nerves responding to all sensory stimulation whether it's specific to that nerve or not *Client's injured area will hyper-react to all sensory stimulation. (Ex: client has cold or stressed @ work or can't sleep... injured area will flare up) |
