Vitamins and Minerals 282

vitamins

organic substances needed by body for metabolism, growth, and maintenance

fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins A,D,E,K
*these are stored by liver in the body and do not need to be replenished daily they are dissolved in lipids

water soluble vitamins

*vitamins that are not stored in the body & must be replaced each day. Eliminated in urine
Vitamin Bs & C

VITAMIN A
-night vision-nyctalopia(loss)
protection of epithelial tissue-mucous membrane infection

SOURCES- green leafy vegs, yellow vegs,liver, kidneys, milk, butter, cheese, fish
CAROTENE-yellow pigment in vegs is better source than retinol which animal source(animal ate vege)

Vitamin D
absorption of calcium & phosforous-rickets,bow legs, decalcification of skeleton, osteomalcia,osteoporosis

sources- SUNLIGHT, meat, eggs
margarine and milk are fortified with Vit D

Vitamin E
red blood cell production
aging
Protects Vit A
rarely deficiency issues
*food alone can't provide a beneficial am't - supplements helpful

sources-salad oil, shortening, tomatoes, peas, liver, eggs, mayo
RDA recommends 10-30 mg=1 tbs

Vitamin K
blood clotting
prothrombin- bleeding disorders

sources-green leafy vegs, veg oil, liver, muscle meat, egg yolk
synthesized by normal intestinal bacteria
antagonist-coumadin
found on every crash cart

VITAMIN C-ascorbic acid
development of collagen
RBC formation
absorption of iron- scurvy,spontaneous bleeding under skin and bleeding gums, inability to resist infection

sources- citrus fruits, tomatoes, green leafy vegs, broccoli, rose hips, (potaoes, turnips both less than citrus)OJ 80 potatoe 20

THIAMINE B1
normal growth and development-loss of appetite, fatigue, constipation, BeriBeri-degeneration of muscle

sources- milk, eggs, breads, legumes and pork

Ribolfavin B2
helps metabolize protein-
Cheilosis-inflammation of lips and tongue

sources- milk, mos meat, eggs and fish

Niacin B3
energy metabolism and synthesis of fatty acids- Pellagra-scaly sores, mental symptoms

sources- whole grains, breads, cereals, meat

Folic acid
prevents anemia- lack of -impaired cell division

sources-leafy green vegs and liver

B12
RBC production, DNA with folic acid cobalamin, cyanocobalamin- lack of -pernicious anemia

extrinsic factor- food sources
intrinsic factor- gastric juice, HCL aids in absorption of B12

Minerals

contribute to growth and maintenance of health

Trace Mineral

less than 100mgs daily required

Essential Mineral

more 100mg required daily

Calcium-
rigidity to bones, resistance to tooth decay, muscle tone, nerve transmission, - lack of osteoporosis, osteomalicia, blood clots, irritablitity

sources- milk, fortified OJ

Phosphorous
acid base balance, bones and teeth- Rickets

sources- meat, milk, cheese, eggs

Iron
hemaglobin-lack of iron deficient anemia

green leafy, meats, almonds, eggs, dry fruit

Iodine
thyrozine(thyroid gland)
metabolism rate- lack of- goiter

sources-vegetables, fish, iodized salt

Flouride
tooth decay

fortified in water