Attachment

Adaptive

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Affectional

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Attachment

A reciprocal emotional bond between a child and primary caregiver.

Behavioural categories*

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Classical conditioning

Where somebody learns to associate two things by experiencing them together - e.g. Pavlov's dog associated the bell with food.

Collectivist culture

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Continuity hypothesis

The theory that there is a link between the early attachment relationship and later relationships.

Controlled observation*

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Covert observation*

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Cross-cultural study

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Deprivation dwarfism

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Disinhibited attachment disorder

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Event sampling*

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Evolution

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Imprinting

An innate desire for e.g. geese to form a bond with the first object they see - usual the mother.

Individualistic culture

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Innate

Characteristics that are inborn due to genetic factors

Insecure - avoidant

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Insecure – disorganised

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Insecure - resistant

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Internal working model

A schema of relationships developed from the first attachment relationship - helps to predict and control

Learning theory of attachment

The idea that you learn to become attached after birth through the processes of classical and operant conditioning.

Monotropy

Bowlby's theory that one special bond enables later emotional development

Naturalistic observation*

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Operant conditioning

Learning whether your own actions are likely to be reinforced by rewards or inhibited by punishments.

Overt observation*

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Primary attachment figure

The person that a baby first forms a bond with.

Privation

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Punishment

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Reactive attachment disorder

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Reinforcement

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Response

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Sampling procedures*

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Secure attachment

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Secure base

A sense of security provided by the attachment figure which enables the baby to explore its surroundings.

Sensitive period

The period in which a baby is biologically most successful in forming an attachment - Bowlby said 2nd 3 months

Separation anxiety

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Social releasers

Behaviours - e.g crying and cooing - which help the 'mother' and child to form a bond by eliciting appropriate behaviour from the 'mother'

Stimulus

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Strange Situation

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Stranger anxiety

?

Structured observations*

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Time sampling*

?

Unstructured observations*

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7 Key Terms in Bowlby's Theory

Innate; continuity hypothesis; imprinting; internal working model; monotropy; sensitive period; social releasers