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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active Transport
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Movement of dissolved substances across a plasma membrane against the concentration gradient - requires energy.
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ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
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Compound that is the common source of chemical energy for cells.
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Cellular respiration
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Breakdown of glucose into simple inorganic compounds (water and CO2) with the release of energy.
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Amino acids
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Nitorgen containing compounds that are the building blocks of proteins
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Anaerobic Respiration
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Respiration that occurs without oxygen - produces lactic acid in human muscle cells
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Anaphase
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Stage of mitosis in which single stranded chromosomes move to opposite poles of the spindle fibre within a cell
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Apoptosis
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Natural death of cells - also called programmed cell death
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Biogenesis
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Accepted view that new cells are produced from pre-existing cells
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Carbohydrates
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Organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (eg. glucose, cellulose and starch)
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Carbon dioxide
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A gas released during respiration due to the breakdown of carbohydrates and used by plants during photosynthesis
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catabolism
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Energy releasing reactions in an organism that result in the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.
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Cell cycle
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Time taken for a newly formed cell to mature and give rise to two new cells
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Cell membrane
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Partially permeable membrane that separates the cell contents from it's environment
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Chloroplasts
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Cell organelles in plants that contain photosynthetic pigments
(chlorophyll) |
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Chromatid
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One of the strands of a double-stranded chromosome
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Chromosomes
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Thread-like structures composed of DNA and protein, visible in cells during mitosis and meiosis
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Chromatin
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Stained material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
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Cytokinesis
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Division of cytoplasm occurring after mitosis
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Mitosis
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Process of cell production in which two identical daughter cells are produced from each cell
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Meiosis
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Process of cell division that results in the process of four new cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell (produces gametes)
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