Communicable Diseases And Aids

1.paramyxovirus (10-20 days incubation)
2.Communicable 4-5 days after rash appears
3.resp. tract secretions, blood,urine
4. transmission; airborne particles, direct contact droplets, transplacental

fever, malaise
three c's (coryza, cough, conjunctivitis
rash(red, erythematous, face to feet, turns brown after 6-7days)
koplik spots(small, red, bluish white center, located on buccal mucousa for 3days)

use resp airborne droplets precautions.
use cool mist humidifier

human herpersvirus6
5-15 days incubation
communicable period- unknown

rubella virus(14-21days)
communicable period 7b4 rash days after
nasopharyngeal secretions, blood, stool, urine
transmission; airborne or direct
indirectly(naspharyngeal secretions,feces, urine

isolate infected child from pregnant woman

paramymxovirus (14-21 days)
communicable period: immediately b4 and after parotid gland swelling begins
source: urine and saliva
transmission; droplet or direct contact

fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, jaw ear pain/ache aggravated by chewing, followed by parotid gland swelling
orchitis(inflammation teste(s)

agent-varicella zoster virus(VZV) (13-17days)
communicable period 1-2 b4 rash tp 6 days after the 1st crop of vesicles, when crusts have formed.
resp tract secretions, skin lesions
transmission- direct contact, droplet(airborne)contaminated objects

slight fever, malaise, anorexia followed by muscular rash that appearson the trunk and scalp and moves to extrem.

strict contact and droplet precautions
(home) isolate infected child until vesicles have dried

agent; bordetella pertussis (5-21 days usually10)
communicable period- when discharge from resp. secretions occur
transmission; direct contact, droplet, indirect from freshly contaminated articles

may exp. cyanosis, resp distress, tongue protusion, listlessness, irritabilty, aneroxia

isolate child during "catarrhal" stage(resp secretions)

agent; corynebacterium diphtheriae (2-5 days)
communicable period; variable 2-4 weeks when three neg cultures of discharge from the nose.
source; mucous membranes from nose, nasopharynx, skin, other lesions
transmission; direct contact, contaminated articles

low grade fever, malaise, sore throat
foul smelling and mucopurulent nasal discharge
dense psuedomembrane formation of the throat the may interfere w eating drinking and breathing
lymphadenitis, neckedema, bull neck

strict isolation for hospitalized child

agent; enteroviruses(7-14 days)
communicable period-unknown throat 1 week, throat 4-6 weeks)
transmission; direct contact, fecal oral oropharyngeal routes

fever, malaise, aneroxia, nausea, headache, and sore throat, abd. pain followed by stiffness and soreness of trunk, neck, limbs may progress to cns paralysis

enteric precautions

agent; group A b-hemolytic streptococci (1-7 days)
communicable period- 10days to 2weeks, might persists for months
naspharyngeal secretions
transmission- direct contact, droplet spread, indirect contact w contaminated articles, ingestion of contaminated milk or other foods

abrupt high fever, flushed cheeks, vomiting, headace, enlarged lymph nodes in neck, malaise, abd. pain
red fine sand paper papular rash inaxilla, grion, neck spreads to entire body
rash blanches w pressure(schultz-charlton reaction) except in deep creases area(pastia's sign)
desquamation, sheet like sloughing of the skin, palms week 1-3
strawberry tongue 3-5days, red swollen tongue(red strawberry tongue)
tonsils(reddened, edematous)
pharynx(edematous, beefy red)

agent; parovirus b19(4 to 14 days last as long as 20days)
communicable period- uncertain; before onset of most symptoms
source; infected person
transmission; unknown, possibly resp. secretions, blood

before rash, asymptomatic, mild fever, malaise, headache, runny nose
stages of rash, slapped cheeks appearance(1-4 days)

child isnt hospitalized, pregnant women should avoid affected child

agent-epstein-barr virus(4-6 weeks)
communicable period- unknown, virus is shed b4 onset until 6months or longer after recovery
source-oral secretions
transmission- direct intimate contact, infected blood

fever, sore throat, malaise, headache, fatigue, nausea, abd. pain, sore throat, enlarged red tonsils,
lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
discrete macular rash over trunk

mon. for signs of splenic rupture which include abd. pain, left upper quadrant pain, left shoulder pain

agent; rickettsii (2-14 days)
source; tick from mammal source, wild rodents and dogs
transmission; bite of infected tick

wear long sleeved shorts, long tucked in long socks and hat when in infested areas.
wear light colored clothes to make ticks visible
apply insect repellentsthat contain DEETand permethrin b4 possible exposure(use w caution in kids and infants)

agent-enterobius vermicularis
source; common pinworm
transmission; crowded conditions(classrooms, daycare), ingestion or inhalation of eggs, hands to mouth or fecal route

intense perianal itching, irritability, restlessness, poor sleep, bed wetting, distractibility, short attention span,

use flashlight to inspect the anal area 2-3 hours after child is sleep
tape test- lightly place tape against perianal area, tape is examined for eggs microscopically(collected in morning as soon as child awaken b4 bm)
enteric precautions

birth-hep b
1month-hep b
2months-ipv,diphtheria,tetanus,acellular pertussis(DTaP),haemophilus influezae typeB (HiB)conjugate vaccine,and(PCV) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
4months- DTap,HiB,IPV,PCV
6months- DTaP,HepB,Hib, IPV,PCV

12-15months; HiB, measles,mumps,
rubella MMR vaccine, PCV,Hep A(2nd dose 6months after 1st)
12-18 months-varicella vaccine
15-18 months; DtaP
18-21months; 2nd dose of Hep A

4-6years DtaP, IPV, MMR
11-12years; MMR(if not given 4-6years) Tdap(diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) meningococcal vaccine (MCV4)
9-26years; gardisil(HPV)

encephalopathy within 7days of adm. of previous dose of Dtap

severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or to vaccine components such as formalin, meomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B

severe allergic reaction to previous dose or vaccine component such as gelatin, neomycin, sorbitol, pregnancy known immunodeficiency