Greek And Roman Myth

son of Kronos and Rhea
married to Hera
storm god, king of all gods, guardian of state and justice
sanctuaries in Olympia, Dodona, and Nemea
animal is the eagle
attributes: thunderbolts, scepter, and the throne
Roman name is Jupiter and Jove
Epithets are Olympian father, savior, cloud-gathering, and thundering
myths of Io, Semele, Ganymede, Europa, birth (Hesiod)

daughter of Kronos and Rhea
married to Zeus
Queen of the gods, earth goddess, childbirth, and marriage
sanctuaries in Argive Heraion, Samos, (Olympia)
animal is the peacock and cow
attribute is she is always next to Zeus, scepter, and crown
Roman name is Juno
epithets is cow-eyed and argive
myths Iliad 14 (seducing zeus)

son of Kronos and Rhea
married to Amphitrite
God of fresh water, sea, horses, and earthquakes
sanctuary at Sounion, (Aegae)
animal is the fish, horse, (hippocamp), and the bull
attribute is the trident
roman name is Neptune
epithets is he is the earthshaker

daughter of Kronos and Rhea
spouse: (Zeus)
goddess of agriculture
Sanctuary at Eleusis
attribute is a staff of wheat
roman name is ceres
epithets: lady (Hera)
myths: hymn to Demeter

son of Zeus and Leto
no spouse
god of flocks, wolves, music, poetry, archery, medicine, prophecy, and the sun
sanctuaries in Delphi, Delos, and Didyma
animal is the dolphin
attributes are the lyre, laurel wreath, and bow and quiver
epithets: phoebus, pythian, musagetes (leader of the muses), delphinius, citharodos, paean
Myths: daphne, phaethon, hyacinth, and marsyas

daughter of Zeus and Leto
twin sister of Apollo
goddess of childbirth, fertility, hunt, animals, and the moon
sanctuaries: Delos, Ephesus, Brauron, and Arcaidia
animal is the bear and deer/stag
attribute: bow and quiver and crescent
roman name is diana
Epithets: Cynthia, Polymastos, Potnia Theron (mistress of the animals)
Myths: callisto, acteon, niobe, birth on Delos

daughter of Zeus and Metis
Goddess of wisdom and crafts, Minoan/Mycenaean protectress of palace, protectress of heroes
sanctuary in Athens
attributes: armor, spear, aegis, usually next to a hero
roman name is Minerva
Epithets: Pallas, Tritogenia, owl-eyed, nike, and perthenos
myths of arachne and birth of Athena

daughter of Kronos and Rhea
she is hearth fire
roman name is Vesta

son of Zeus and Maia
messenger of the gods, god of heralds, merchants, thieves, herdsmen, fertility, magic, and dead souls
sanctuary at Mt. Cyllene
animal is the ram
attribute: caduceus, petasus, winged hat and boots
roman name is mercury
Epithets: Argeiphontes (slayer of Argus), and Psychopompus
Myths: hymn to hermes and Io

son of Zeus and Hera
god of war
sanctuary at Thrace
animal is the wolf
attribute: armor
roman name is mars
Epithets: Enyalios
myths: Odyssey 8

son of Hera (zeus)
married to Aphrodite
god of volcanoes, metallurgy, and forge
sanctuaries at Lemnos and Athens
Attributes: forceps and double ax
Roman name is Vulcan
epithets: Mulciber
Myths: Ilias 1 and 18

daughter of Zeus and Dione or Ouranos' genitals
married to Vulcan
goddess of Love
sanctuaries at paphos, Cythera, and Cyprus
animal is the dove and swan
attribute: cupids and erotes (putti)
roman names: Venus, Cytheria, and Golden
Epithets: Cypria, Odyssey 8, Iliad 5, Hesiod Theogony
Myth of Venus and Adonis

son of zeus and semele
married to Ariadne
god of vegetation, vines, and wine
sanctuaries at Mt. Cithaeron and Athens
animal is the panther
attributes: Maenads, satyrs, silenus, thyrus, and vines
roman names are Liber and Bacchus
epithet: Bacchus
myths: Pentheus, Euripides' Bacchae

12
Zeus
Hera
Demeter
Poseidon
Apollo
Artemis
Aphrodite
Hephaestus
Athena
Hestia
Hermes
Ares

Their home
10,500ft above sea level

immortality
powers + limits
metamorphoses
idealized vs. anthropomorphic
they eat nectar and ambrosia
have ichor in their veins

merging of two cults and religions

Mother and Daughter relationship
usually mother is not a virgin but the daughter is

Hecate
Hades
Asclepius

Venus loved Adonis she asked him not to leave and go into the woods but he did not listen and so he was killed by a wild boar and transformed into a flower called anemone

he was hunting in the woods and accidentally saw Artemis naked. Artemis splashed water on him turning him into a deer/stag. His own hunting dogs attacked him and ripped him to pieces.

Bragged about how many children she had (14) and boasted about having more than Leto and Leto got pissed so she told her two children, Artemis and Apollo to kill all of Niobe's children. Niobe was so upset that she cried and cried until she transformed into a weeping rock.

A goat god, has the head, ears, hooves, and/or tail of a goat and lives in the wild. Always horny. In Ovid's stories Pan is trying to pursue a young woman named Syrinx who transformed into reeds. Pan took the reeds and created a musical instrument that is called the Syrinx or "Pan's Pipes"

Apollo chased after Daphne but Daphne was transformed into a laurel tree which is why Apollo's attribute is the laurel wreath.

Arachne boasted about being the best weaver, better than Athena. They had a competition and then Athena turned her into a spider.

star cluster that marked the beginning of the planting season

a great hunter who stepped on a scorpion one day and went blind. To cure his blindness he had to walk across the ocean staring into the sun. This myth reflects celestial movement.

god of medicine
some claim that Apollo is his father
holds a staff called caduceus with two serpents around it
main sanctuary is at Epidaurus
(tholos-->a round temple)
-->snakes were kept in the middle of the sanctuary.

Goddess of sorcery and magic--some of the dark forces of the earth
often depicted with three faces or three bodies
epithet: trivia ancient latin for three roads
triple nature locations:
1) the moon goddess in the heavens
2) Artemis on earth
3) Hecate in the underworld

god of the land of the dead
Hades --> "the invisible one"
brother of zeus and poseidon
5 famous rivers:
1) Styx (hatred) (a waterfall)
2) Acheron (woe) (jaws of hades)
3) Cocytus (lamentation)
4) Phlegethon (fire)
5) Lethe (forgetfulness)

journey down to Hades

hermes takes the souls down to hades, first encounter cerberus AKA FLUFFY! second meet the charon who you pay a coin so he can take you to the other side of the river. third the souls are judged. Fourth, you either go to tartarus of Elysium.

1) Minos
2) Rhadamanthys
3) Aeacus
First two are from Crete the third is unrelated

Tantalus
Sisyphus
Tityus
Ixion

Murdered his son
chopped him up
tried to feed him to the gods
punished to stand in a pool of water beneath him and a fruit trees next to him
when hungry he would attempt to reach for the food but it would be out of reach
when thirsty he would bend down for water but the pool would dry up before he could touch it

a trickster
locked the god of death in a closet so no one would die including himself
his punishment was to roll a huge boulder up a hill over and over again

raped Leto
punished by having his liver torn out by birds of prey on a regular basis

tried to rape Hera but instead the gods gave him a cloud-shaped phantom of Hera
he created the first centaur
he was punished to be burned spinning alive

a group of sisters who killed their husbands on their wedding night
they were punished to fill up a barrel with water, the barrels had holes in them so the water would always seep through

usually heroes and demi-gods ended up here
hesiod calls this the happy part of the afterlife "the Isles of the blessed' where Kronos rules

Orpheus was the world's best musician
married Eurydice
on their wedding night she died by a snake bite and so Orpheus went to Hades to retrieve her
he played to Hades and Persephone and he was granted to get her based on one condition that he must not look back at her until the reach earth
but Orpheus looked back and lost Eurydice forever
he stayed away from women after that and so the Maenads stoned him to death and ripped him to pieces

all indo-european storm gods
Dyaus: a proto indo-european storm god

where the duality daughter, Hebe, lives

to rip to pieces
rip victims apart

eat the flesh of the victim
who symbolizes the god

wild women who wore loose outfits
they had wild ceremonies where they would rip wild animals and eat them

sacred emblem; a staff with vines circling around it (staff of Dionysus)

goat/horse's ears, nose, tail, and hooves, mostly humans with those animal parts
always trying to have sex with Maenads

overweight and a drunk who is usually associated with Dionysus

does not believe that Dionysus is a god so he undergoes sparagmos by his mother who is a Maenad

Zeus and Io have sex and Hera know about it and Zeus turns Io into a heifer that Hera decides to keep and have it watched by Argus the one hundred eyed monster

borrows his father's chariot and plunges it into the sea
he imitates the action of the solar divinity and was punished for it

a hand-maiden of Artemis who was seduced by Zeus
she was ousted from Artemis' group and later turned into a bear (constellation)

a by-form of Artemis who was turned into a lion

a human/lesser divinity who resembles a greater divinity and is usually punished by the greater divinity

700-600 BCE
a bronze shield similar to Assyrian art
large almond shaped eyes and inverted trapezoidal ringlet beard

600-480 BCE
"Black figure" style
Zeus sits on a throne
holds lightning bolts in the left hand and scepter in the right

480-400 BCE
"Red figure" vase
background in painted black but the images of Zeus is in the original clay color
he's holding his scepter and lightning bolts

400-323 BCE
crowded paintings on the vase
multiple colors
zeus sitting with a scepter next to aphrodite

323-146 BCE
usually colossal, dramatic, and impressive
zeus is bare to the waist...killer abs

146 BCE-330 CE
Statue of Zeus is the typical Roman, S-shaped, 'contrapposto' pose with his hips swerving to the right and he is on the balls of his left foot
syncretism: jupiter ammon face of zeus with horns of an egyptian god

300-1400 CE
Euhemeristic treatment of Greco-Roman gods
dressed as a monk and is holding a cross
in the other painting he looks freaky with spiky hair like lady liberty, black and white painting

1400-1600 CE
Zeus is taking Ganymede away shaped as an eagle
Michelangelo's "Creation of Adam"

1600-1750 CE
artists were paid a lot to glorify the aristocrats and their kingdoms by using classical imagery

1750-1850 CE
similar to ancient art by imitating the texture of marble, clean lines, and employing mythological subjects
Thetis supplicates Zeus
George Washington

1900-? CE
30 Rockefeller Center
created a stylized, repetitive curves and lines, and elongated figures

Zeus and Semele have an affair
she gets impregnated
Hera tells Semele that if she wants to know if Zeus truly loves her then he must show her his true god form
when he did he burnt Semele but saved the baby by putting it in his thigh
this baby is known to be Dionysus

Gets Europa to ride on Zeus who makes himself a white bull he carries her off to the island of crete where she gives birth to three sons, Minos, Rhadamanthys, and Sarpedon

Apollo goes to Delphi to kill Python because of a curse that Hera put upon Leto

Marsyas was a satyr who played the flute and challenged Apollo to see who was the better musician, Apollo challenged Marsyas to play the flute upside down and when he could he was flayed and then later transformed into a mountain stream

Apollo was really fond of this boy named Hyacinth, one day they were playing with a discus and Apollo threw it really far and Hyacinth went to go catch it except it hit him in the head and he died Apollo did his best to bring him back to life but failed and so he turned him into a flower that is called Hyacinth

two lovers who lived under one roof but separate rooms and talked through a hole in the wall because their parents refused them to see each other
they planned to escape and elope when Thisbe reached the place she was suppose to meet Pyramus a liion appeared with blood all over its face so she ran when Pyramus approached the place he was Thisbe's cloak on the ground ripped to shred and blood from the lion's previous kill, thinking that she died pyramus took his sword and killed himself
when Thisbe returned to her previous destination she saw Pyramus breathing his last breath and so she killed herself and they both died together

son of hermes and aphrodite
a nymph by the name of Salmacis fell in love with Hermaphroditus when she met him by the fountain where she lived she embraced him in the water and their bodies merged as one creating a body with the figure and breasts of a woman but the sex organs of a man

Pygmalion hated women and stayed away from them but then he was feeling lonely and so he made this ivory sculpture of the perfect woman
it was a festival to celebrate aphrodite and her powers when pygmalion asked aphrodite for a women like his sculpture but aphrodite knew what he really wanted and gave his sculpture the breath of life and they lived happily ever after
gave birth to a son named Paphos

Asked Dionysus to give him the gift of turning everything he touched to gold at first he was happy with the gift but then he was irritated because he could not eat drink change clothes without turning everything to gold and so he asked Dionysus to take it back Dionysus said to go to the Pactolus river and the gift would be washed away and that is what midas did

the hippo-horse
the seahorse

Hercules' flying horse
myth:when Pegasus' hooves touch the ground that area will turn into a spring

greek word for sea
one of the moons of Neptune

Temple of Demeter

Received seeds from Demeter and a chariot of winged dragons
he flew over the earth and sowed the seeds where he could

Priest of Apollo
a legendary wandering healer and seer

unlike the other gods Apollo is young with no beard and the other characteristics of any other god like Zeus

Title of a Minoan goddess given to Artemis.
it mean mistress of the animals

a wooden sculpture, made out of a tree trunk) that represents a divinity

Greek temple in Athens
for Athena

Temple of Athena in Athens

An amulet that Athena wore
it is the gorgon's head

the evil eye
related to the Chthonic gods

a great hall with a heath fire in the center of the room

pile of stones
stone pillar/statue
usually the face of Hermes and his penis

native land of Hermes
North central part in Peloponeus

Zeus and Maia who is one of the Pleiades (star cluster)

An Athenian festival celebrated every fourth year it was for the sacrifices and rites proper to the season in the cult of Athena