A&P II- Exam 1

Direct-acting neurotransmitters____
A. Require cyclic AMP
B. Mediate very slow responses
C. Open iron channels to provoke rapid responses
D. Act through second messangers

C. Open ion channels to provoke rapid responses

Ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid are called____
A. Ependymal cells
B. Schwann cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Astrocytes

A. Ependymal Cells

Bipolar neurons are commonly _____.
A. Motor neurons
B. Called neuroglial cells
C. Found in ganglia
D. Found in the retina of the eye

D. Found in the retina of the eye

A neural circuit in which a single impulse is transmitted over and over is a ______.
A. Diverging circuit
B. Converging circuit
C. Reverberating circuit
D. Repetitive circuit

C. Reverberating Circuit

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is NOT sensitive to another stimulus is the_______.
A. Resting period
B. Repolarization
C. Depolarization
D. Absolute refractory period

D. Absolute refractory period

A neuronal circuit that concentrates or directs a large number of incoming impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a(n)______.
A. Diverging circuit
B. Oscillating circuit
C. Converging circuit
D. Parallel circuit

C. Converging Circuit

Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of a neuron?
A. Synaptic cleft
B. Cell cleft
C. Dendrites
D. Axon

A. Synaptic cleft

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from it's cell body is called a(n)_____.
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Neurolemma
D. Schwann Cell

A. Axon

The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the_______.
A. Cell body
B. Synapse
C. Receptor
D. Effector

B. Synapse

Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system _______.
A. Innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract
B. Innervation of cardiac muscle
C. Innervation of glands
D. Innervation of skeletal muscle

D. Innervation of skeletal muscle

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ______.
A. Nuclei
B. Nerves
C. Ganglia
D. Muscles

C. Ganglia

The term 'Central Nervous System' refers to the ______.
A. Autonomic nervous system
B. Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
C. Brain and spinal cord
D. Spinal cord and spinal nerves

C. Brain and spinal cord

The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ______.
A. Ion
B. Cholinesterase
C. Neurotransmetter
D. Biogenic amine

C. Neurotransmitter

A neruon that has as it's primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n)____.
A. Efferent neuron
B. Afferent neuron
C. Association neuron
D. Glial cell

C. Association Neuron

Saltatory conduction is made possible by ______.
A. The myelin sheath
B. Large nerve fibers
C. Diaphasic impulses
D. Erratic transmission of nerve impulses

A. The myelin sheath

Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to establish a resting potential?
A. Sodium
B. Chlorine
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium

A. Sodium

The part of the neuron that normally receives stimuli is called ______.
A. An axon
B. A dendrite
C. A neruolemma
D. A Schwann cell

B. A dendrite

Choose the statement that is most correct about membrane potential. "Voltage would be measured by placing......"
A. two electrodes on the exterior of the axon.
B. one electrode inside the membrane and anoter outside the membrane.
C. one electrode on one end of the axon and another electrode on the otherr end.
D. one electrode on thte axon and ground ing the other electrode.

B. Voltage would be measured by placing one electrode inside the membrane and another outside the membrane.

An action potential _______.
A. Is essential for impulse propagation.
B. involves the influx of negative ions to depolarize the membrane.
C. Is initiated by potassium ion movement.
D. Involves impulse propogation dependent on chemically gated ion channels.

A. is essential for impulse propagation.

Select the correct statement about synapses.
A. Cells with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled.
B. The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled.
C. Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons of cells.
D. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to anoter.

D. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are the two subdivisions of the ______.
A. Central nervous system
B. Voluntary nervous system
C. Autonomic nervous system
D. Somatic nervous system

C. Autonomic Nervous System

Ependymal Cells ______.
A. are a type of neuron.
B. are a type of macrophage.
C. are the most numerous of the neuroglia.
D. help to circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

D. help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid.

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ______.
A. Astrocytes
B. Oligodentrocytes
C. Microglia
D. Schwann Cells

A. Astrocytes

Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________.
A. Ependymal cells
B. Microglia
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Astrocytes

C. Oligodendrocytes

Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open?
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Calcium
D. Potassium

D. Potassium

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________.
A. A change in sodium ion permeability.
B. Hyperpolarization
C. Opening of voltage-regulated channels
D. Lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur

B. Hyperpolarization

When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy and the stimulus is of insufficient strength to propagate a nervous impulse, the resulting potential is called a(n) ______.
A. Postsynaptic potential
B. Excitatory potential
C. Action potential
D. Graded potential

D. Graded potential

Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes?
A. Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels
B. Some ions are prevented fom moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps
C. Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes
D. The bulk of thhe solutions inside a cell are negatively charged

B. Some ions are prevented fom moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps.

A second nerve impulse CANNOT be generated until ________.
A. The membrane potential has be atleast partially reestablished
B. The NA ions have been pumped back into the cell
C. Proteins have been resynthesized
D. All ion gates are closed

A. The membrane potential has been at least partially reestablished

In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ____
A. positively charged and contains less sodium
B. negatively charged and contains less sodium
C. negatively charged and contains more sodium
D. positively charged and contains more sodium

B. negatively charged and contains less sodium

Which of the following structures is not part of the central nervous system?
A. Brain
B. Somatic sensory nerve
C. Spinal cord
D. Cerebellum

B. Somatic sensory nerve

______ are glial cells found in the ______.
A. Astrocytes; CNS
B. Schwann cells; CNS
C. Satellite cells; CNS
D. Oligodendrocytes; PNS

A. Astrocytes; CNS

_______ are glial cells that surround and myelinate nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.
A. Astrocytes
B. Schwann Cells
C. Microglia
D. Oligodendrocytes

B. Schwann Cells

What are the two main parts of te motor division of the peripheral nervous system.
A. The central and peripheral nervous system
B. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
C. The somatic and autonomic nervous systems
D. The afferent and efferent nervous systems

C. The somatic and autonomic nervous systems

_________ serve the internal organs, passing information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system.
A. Somatic sensory fibers
B. Somatic motor fibers
C. Visceral sensory fibers
D. Visceral motor fibers

C. Visceral sensory fibers.