Attachment evidence

What are the key findings of Harlow (1959)? (p.35)

Orphaned monkeys preferred cloth-covered 'mother' to wire lactating mother - they spent most time here and would cling to 'her' when frightened

What are the key findings of Schaffer and Emerson (1964)? (p.35)

Observed 60 babies from working-class homes - babies were most attached to the person who interacted most with them

Which study shows imprinting in non-human animals?

Lorenz (1952) - geese (p.32)

What are the short and long-term effects of imprinting?

Short-term - protection

Whose research supports the notion of a sensitive period?

Hodges and Tizard (1989) (p.50)

How does Tronick (1992) support the universality of attachment? (p.38)

Although children in the Efe tribe in Zaire are looked after and breastfed by several women

What research supports the notion of monotropy?

Tronick (1992) (p.38)

How does Blum (2003) suggest the importance of secondary attachments? (p.38)

Monkey raised just with their mother did not develop typical playing and grooming behaviour with peers

How does Harlow (1959) suggest the importance of caregiver sensitivity? (p.38)

Although orphaned monkeys formed some attachment with the models

How did Sroufe (2005) study the continuity hypothesis? (p.38)

Followed participants from infancy to adolescence - secure infants later had higher social competence

What research supports the notion of multiple attachments? (p.39)

Rutter (1995) all attachments are important

What is the prime alternative to the continuity hypothesis as an explanation for the link between attachment and later behaviour? (p.39)

Kagan (1984) - temperament hypothesis

Outline the strange situation (p.40)

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Outline the secure attachment type (p.41)

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Outline the insecure-avoidant type (p.41)

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Outline the insecure-resistant type (p.41)

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What is meant by the insecure-disorganised type? (p.41)

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How did Main and Weston (1981) challenge the validity of Ainsworth's attachment types? (p.42)

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What has been shown about the predictive power of attachment types? (p.42)

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What does Slade (2005) propose as an alternative to maternal sensitivity? (p.43)

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