History

First Estate

Made up of clergy of Roman Catholic Church
scorned Enlightenment ideas
Less than 1% of population of France
2% of income paid in taxes.

First Estate

made up of clergy of Roman Catholic Church

Scorned Enlightenment ideas

Second Estate

made up of rich nobles

held highest offices in government

disagreed about Enlightenment ideas

Third Estate

included bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers

had no power to influence government

embraced Enlightenment ideas

Sans-coulottes

In the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end of food shortages

Committee of Public Safety

a committee established during the French Revolution to identify"enemies of the republic."

Emigre

people who leave their native country for political reasons, like the nobles and others who fled France during the peasant uprisings of the French Revolution.

Maximilien Robespierre

A radical, who was the head of the Committee of Public Safety,
and was dictator.

Wanted to build a republic of virtue, and tried to wipeout every trace of France's past monarchy and nobility.

Olympe de Gouges

Wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.

Strong supporter of democracy, and demanded that the same rights for French women that French men were demanding for themselves.

Radicals

Sat on the left side of the hall; were called left-wing and said to be on the left.

opposed the king and the idea of a monarchy

wanted sweeping changes in government and proposed that common people have full power in a republic.

Moderates

sat in the center of the hall and were called centrists

wanted some changes in government, but not as many as the radicals

Conservatives

sat on the right side of the hall; were called right-wing and said to be on the right

upheld the idea of a limited monarchy

wanted few changes in government

Left-Wing

AKA Radicals

Sat to the left at The Legislative Assembly

Napoleonic Code

A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon

Continental System

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.

Scorched-earth Policy

The practice or burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land.

Concert of Europe

A series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions.

Congress of Vienna

A series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon.

Klemens von Metternich

Had three goals at the Congress of Vienna

1. Wanted to pprevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries.

2. Wanted to restore a balance of power, so that no country would be a threat to others.

3. Wanted to restore EUrope'