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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ecosystem
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A system composed of living organisms that interact with one another and with their non-living surroundings.
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Habitat
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The place where an organism lives.
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Community
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A group of different kinds of organisms living in an ecosystem and interacting with one another.
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Availability of Resources
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The factors that contribute to the survival of a population, factors such as shelter, food and mates. If the recorces become limited the population can drop.
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Tolerance Range
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The extent of variation in an enviromental factors within which a particular kind of organism can survive.
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Limiting Factors
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Any factor which approaches or exceeds tolerance of an organism
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Biodiversity
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The number of different species living in an ecosystem.
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Ecological Niche
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A species way of life within its habitat. Can include its diet, feeding techniques, pattern of daily activity, tollerance range, tempreture range, etc.
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Biotic
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Describes the living component of an ecosystem. eg: Humans, animals, predation, relationships.
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Abiotic
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Describes the non-living compnents of an ecosystem. eg: Tempreture, heat, light water, gases, salinity, gravity, etc.
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Food Chain
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The flow of energy in an ecosystem, begining with producer. eg: Algae - carp - kingfisher bird - water snake.
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Food Web
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A network of interrellated food chains, showing the flow of energy in a particular ecosystem.
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Producer
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Supports all other levels, Atotrophs. Chemosynthetic, Photosynthetic: 6CO2 + 12H2O > C6H12O6 + CO2 + 6H2O
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Consumer
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Rely on producers for their energy, Ranked by trophic level (1st, 2nd etc.). Hetrotrophs, Herbivores, Omnivores, Carnivores, Detritivore, Scavenger, Parasite.
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Decomposers
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Break down dead and rotting matter outside their body and absorb the nutrients, return the nutriends back to the soil.
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Herbivore
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Plant feeder, Prey
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Omnivore
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Plant and Animal Feeder, Prey
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Carnivore
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Meat feeder, Predator
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Detritivore
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Rotting matter and soil feeder
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Energy Inputs
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Sun and Food
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Energy Outputs
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Respiration, waste, reflected light, growth and new offspring, dead tissue, dead.
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Pyramid of Numbers
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Shows the number of organisms at each trophic level per unit area of an ecosystem.
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Pyramid of Biomass
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The total amount of matter present in organisms at each tropich level at a given time.
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Pyramid of Energy
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Shows the amount of energy input to each trophic level in a given area of an ecosystem over an extended period.
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Bioaccumulation
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The accumulation of substances other than food that has been ingested or simply absorbed from the surrounding enviroment.
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Predator-Prey
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One species (predator) kills and eats another living animal (prey).
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Parasite Host
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One kind of organism (parasite) lives on or in another (host) and feeds on it, typically without killing it. The host may suffer various negative effects in this relationship, only the parasite benifits.
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Intraspecific Competition
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Competition between members of the same species for recourses.
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Interspecific Competition
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Competition between different species for recourses.
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Mutualism
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Any associasion between two species where they both gain something. eg: bee and flower.
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Effect of Introduced Species
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- Competition with native organisms
- Disruption of food chains and webs - Introduction of new diseases - Competition for recources |
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Over harvesting
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unsustainable use of a biological recource can lead to extiniction of organisms
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Land degradation and Soil Salinity
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Removal of trees for farming can lead to loss of wildlife, errosion and disrupt the food cain/web.
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Damming Rivers
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Storage of large amounts of water by blocking water flow can disrupt the food chain and destroy the flow of water.
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Water ways - nutrient overloead and waste disposal
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A change in the abiotic part of an aquatic ecosystem can lead to death of water species, bacterial growth, death of plands and new species growing.
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Controlled Burning
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Burning off crops to return nutrients to the soils can lead to loss of life, regrowth of plants and bush fires.
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Atmospheric pollution
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Carbon emission, methane can cause global warming by heating the earth.
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Fires effect on ecosystem
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- Loss of some species
- Reduction of biodiversity |
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Photosynthesis
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6CO2+12H2O -> C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O
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Cellular Respiration
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C6H12O6+6O2 -> 6CO2+6H2O
Anerobic produces 2ATP Aerobic produces 36ATP |
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Carrying Capacity (K)
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The population density that can be supported by the enviroment.
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Population Dynamics
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Birth Rate (b)
Death Rate (d) Immigration-in (i) Emigration-out (e) |
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Number in Population
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(b+I) - (d+e) per unit of time
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Closed Population
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No migration (emigration or immigration) e.g. Island
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Open Population
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Migration occurs, increases genetic diversity.
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Adaptation
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Any genetically controlled feature that helps an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular enviroment.
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Structural Adaptation
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External physical appearence. e.g. Webbed feet
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Physiological Adaptation
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Internal Changes, Body function.
e.g. ability to tolerate higher urea concentrations to conserve water. |
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Behavioural Adaptation
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An organism's response to the stimuli around them.
e.g. hibernation or tourpor. |
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Reproductive Adaptations
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Behaviours that can help a species in courtship and mating.
e.g. Peacock fans out its tail feathers to attrack a mate. |
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Innate Behaviours
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Behaviours that are essentially the same in all members of a species.
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Learned Behaviours
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Behaviours that develop or change as a result of experience.
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Territorial Behaviours
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When a species defends a territory from intruders.
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Reproductive/Courtship Behaviours
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The behavior patterns in different types of animals by means of which the sperm is brought to the egg and the parental care of the resulting young insured.
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Feeding Behaviours
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Any action of an animal directed toward obtaining nutrients.
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R selected stratergies
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"Quick and Many"
-short lived population -large amount of offspring -large amount of energy used for reproduction - concerned with quantity not quality e.g. bacteria,cane toads, rabbits. |
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K selected stratergies
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"Slow and Fewer"
-less offspring -longer parental care -longer gestation period -lower infant mortality -slower population growth -concerned with quality not quality e.g. most mammals, humans, elephants etc. |
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Internal Fertalisation
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The gametes join inside the parent organism.
the offspring have less chance of dehydrating and the gamets are more likely to meet. |
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External Fertalisation
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Both gametes are realeased into the external enviroment and this is where they meet.
As there is so many gametes released it is likely that many will survive. |
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Phototrophic Response in Plants
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When a plant moves in response to light.
The Auxin move away from light and cause the cells on the shaded side to elongate. The plant wil start to bend towards the light. |
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Geotropic Response in Plants
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When a plant moves in response to gravity. The auxin will cause the shoots to grow up in a negative geotrophic response and the roots to grow down in a positive geotrophic response.
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Auxin
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The horomone envolved in geotropism and phototropism causes the cells to elongate and grow in either a postivite or negative direction.
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BRONTEEEEEEEE
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thank you so much!! this is great help and ive decided to make my own set, just like you said, it helps to write it down
xoxoxox love you ten daysss!!! |
