Test Yourself On Chapter 6: The Constitution and New Republic Flashcards

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1. The Federalist Papers were written and published during the years 1787 and 1788 in several New York State newspapers to persuade New York voters to ratify the proposed constitution. In total, the Federalist Papers consist of 85 essays outlining how this new government would operate and why this type of government was the best choice for the United States of America.	A. John Adams' Presidency
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2. -4th President -Ally of Hamilton -Said a little rebellion is a good thing -Intellectual leader of convention -Created Virginia Plan -Considered one of the most important people in the creation of the Constitution -Argued that there would be so many different factions, that none would ever dominate the gov.'t and cause tyranny -Helped write federalist papers -Became a republican along w/ T. Jefferson -Proposed dividing bonds between the original purchasers & the spectators	B. Federalist Papers
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3. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison and were adopted by the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures, respectively. They argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. They argued that the laws were unconstitutional by using the ideas of John Locke to argue that the federal government had been formed by a contract among the states and only had certain powers. If the states felt that the national government had exceeded its powers in writing the laws, the states had the right to nullify those laws. Only Virginia and Kentucky ended up declaring the acts void.	C. Bank of the United States
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4. By early 1789, even Madison had come to a realization that some sort of bill of rights was essential to the new law of the government. Congress approved twelve ammendments on September 25, 1789; ten of whom were ratified by the states by the end of 1791. The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten ammendments of the constitution. http://www.foundingfathers.info/documents/billrights.html	D. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
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5. The separation of powers, is a model for the governance of both democratic & federative states. In the United States Constitution, Article I Section I gives Congress only those "legislative powers herein granted" and proceeds to list those permissible actions in Article I Section 8, while Section 9 lists actions that are prohibited for Congress.	E. Separation of Powers
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6. 1787-The Virginia plan called for a new national legislature with 2 houses. In the lower house the states would be represented based on the size of their population. Therefore Virginia would have 10 times as many representatives as Delaware. This caused larger states to favor this plan and smaller states to fear it. The members of the upper house were elected by the members of the lower house under no rigid system of representation. Some small states had no members at all in the upper house. The Virginia Plan proposed a strong national government that could make and enforce laws, and collect taxes. The Virginia Plan had three branches, the legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislature was more powerful, and it chose people to serve in the executive and judicial branches. Legislature had Two houses (bicameral). The House of Representatives was elected by the people and the Senate was elected by the state legislatures. Both were represented proportionally. http://library.thinkquest.org/11572/creation	F. Judiciary Act of 1789 pg. 172
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7. Citizen Genet was the first Ambassador sent to America by France in 1793. He disembarked at Charleston where he made plans to outfit French warships, encourage American shipowners to serve as French privateers, and commissioned George Rogers Clark to lead a military expedition against Spanish lands to the south. In doing so, he was ignoring Washington’s instructions and violating the Neutrality Act. This enraged Washington, who soon demanded the French government recall him. This affair with Citizen Genet proved the Neutrality Act could survive	G. James Madison (person) P.161,162,163,166,167,168,170
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8. A long letter composed in part by Alexander Hamilton at the end of George Washington's Presidency in 1797. The letter reacted to Republican dealings with French to upset the the Federalist program. Essentially, Washington denounced the Republicans and warned about the dangers of political parties.	H. Bill of Rights Pg. 171-172
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9. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) was a Democratic-Republican.Thomas Jefferson was a principal author of the Declaration of Independence. He wrote the Kentucky resolution in 1798. He served as president between 1801 and 1809. His election as president demostrated the shift from a Federalist led to a Republican government.	I. Jay's Treaty (event)
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10. Jay’s Treaty was a treaty between the United States and Great Britain, which averted war and solved many issues left by the Revolution, and opened peaceful trade in the midst of the French Revolution. It was signed in 1794 but did not take effect until 1796. When these negotiations were made public, they were denounced by the citizens for not having extracted enough promise from Britain. Many attempted to prevent ratification of the treaty, but in the end the Senate approved it.	J. Checks and Balances
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11. John Adams, a federalist, was elected in 1796 over Thomas Jefferson. His term was characterized by battles between Federalists and Republicans, and battles within the Federalist party itself. Though Adams was a talented diplomat he proved ineffective as a leader because of his assumptions that his own virtue and positions were correct.	K. Federalists/Anti-Federalists
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12. The question of sovereignty was one of the main reasons for friction between the colonies and Great Britain, and it continued to trouble the Americans as they attempted to create their own government. How could both the state governments and the national government exercise sovereignty at the same time? The answer that James Madison came up with was that the power has to lie within the people. (pg 167)	L. Thomas Jefferson
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13. on the subject of federal courts, the Constitution stated that the judicial power of the United States must be protected by the law in one supreme court & sometimes Congress may ordain & establish. In the Act of 1789, congress provided for a supreme court of six members, with a chief justice & five associate justices; thirteen district courts with one judge apiece; & three circuit courts if appeal, each to consist of one of the district judges sitting with two of the supreme power. The same act also gave the supreme court the power to make the final decision in cases involving the constitution of state laws.	M. Citizen Genet (person)
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14. Pickney’s Treaty was signed in 1795 and formed negotiations between Spain and the U.S. because of fears in Spain that Britain and America might form an alliance and challenge Spain. Upon arrival in Spain, Pickney had no problem gaining all that America asked for from Spain. Spain recognized the right of Americans to navigate the Mississippi to its mouth and deposit goods at New Orleans for reloading on oceangoing ships, agreed to fix the northern boarder of Florida where Americans always insisted it should be, and required the Spanish authorities to prevent Indians in Florida from launching raids against the border.	N. Virginia Plan (concept)
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15. Alexander Hamilton wrote this famous report as he laid out a scheme for stimulating the growth in the United States and stated the advantages to the nation of a healthy and working manufacturing base. This scheme consisted of taxes on distillers and tariffs on imports.	O. Tariffs (concept) P. 161
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16. The Alien act made it much more difficult for foreigners to immigrate to the US. The Sedition act allowed the government to prosecute anyone who engaged in libelous or treasonous activities against the government. Both acts were passed in order to suppress the Republican party. Both were passed in 1798.	P. Alien and Sedition Acts
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17. The Bank of the United States began in 1791 under a charter that granted it the right to continue for 20 years. George Washington signed the bill presented by Hamilton who argued that the creation of a national bank was compatible with the Constitution. The Bank quickly restored public credit and bonds were selling at prices even above their par value.	Q. Pickney's Treaty (event)
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18. Checks and balances allow for a system based regulation that allows one branch to limit another, such as the power of Congress to alter the composition and jurisdiction of the federal courts.	R. Report on Manufacturing 1791
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19. -American Manufacturers (artisans & mechanics) wanted numerous state tariffs replaced with a uniform national duty -At the time there were 13 different and ineffective commerical policies in addition to a national one -Also, land owners wanted Indians removed from their land and those in debt wanted states to stop circulating paper money	S. Sovereignty (concept)
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20. The creation of the Constitution entailed hours of debate and compromise, and even when it was completed, some delegates were unhappy with it. The task of fixing the ailing Confederate government was not complete yet; each state had to ratify, or approve, the Constitution. Basically, people divided into two groups, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Each of their viewpoints is worth examining, as they both have sound reasoning. The Anti-Federalists did not want to ratify the Constitution. The Federalists, on the other hand, had answers to all of the Anti-Federalist complaints.	T. Washington's Farewell Address
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Chapter 6: The Constitution And New Republic

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